Abstract
Candidate genes for congenital malformations in pigs
Highlights
Breeding in pigs to improve production traits can lead to physiological changes that can deteriorate animal health and negatively affect the pig farm economics (Prunier et al, 2010; Sevillano et al, 2015)
The identification of structural and functional proteins, genes, and quantitative trait loci allowed the study of congenital malformations and other health traits at the genome level (Schumacher et al, 2021)
Several single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and potential mutations in coding regions of candidate genes have been identified (Lindholm-Perry et al, 2010); the most promising candidate genes associated with kyphosis are PLOD1, SOX9, and probably ADAMTS18
Summary
Breeding in pigs to improve production traits can lead to physiological changes that can deteriorate animal health and negatively affect the pig farm economics (Prunier et al, 2010; Sevillano et al, 2015). The identification of structural and functional proteins, genes, and quantitative trait loci allowed the study of congenital malformations (i.e. splay legs syndrome, hernias, and cryptorchidism) and other health traits at the genome level (Schumacher et al, 2021). The identification and evaluation of genomic regions that control congenital defects was a breakthrough for the breeding programs (Sevillano et al, 2015). In the Czech Republic, the negative selection of animals (or entire litters) for malformations has been applied for many years in pig breeding programs. The routine phenotype monitoring of malformations is provided in the population (Žáková et al, 2020) and the collection of animal tissues for the genomic evaluation of developmental defects started in accordance with the local breeders’ intention to enhance the selection candidates (Krupová et al, 2017). Pigs to form the groundwork in the subsequent genomic evaluation of tissue samples
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