Growth of beef cattle as prediction for meat production: A review

Abstract

Article Details: Received: 2019-12-12 | Accepted: 2020-03-09 | Available online: 2020-06-30 https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2020.23.02.58-69 Increased interest in the breeding of beef cows results from the trends of society, especially in the consumption of quality raw materials of animal origin. Breeding of beef cattle is often encountered as part of a modern rural lifestyle. The good growth ability of calves is a decisive factor in the profitability of breeding of suckling cows and decides on the breeder‘s satisfaction in setting purchase prices. This quantity is expressed mainly by the average daily gains and the live weight of calves under one year of age. In addition to the achieved weight of beef, is very important shaping of individual body parts representing the most valuable meat parts of animal, to which the body measurements of sires must correspond. Weight gains point to the degree of adaptation of a specific breed to the farming conditions. Equally, the genetic basis of an individual influences the achieved weight of animal. Genetic improvement of meat performance depends on breeding programs that exploit genetic variability between breeds and within the breed. Moreover, the breeding conditions and animal handling could influence the increasing of live weight. Breeding efficiency will always be a summary of factors that determine the own cost and the purchase price of weaned calves. In view of the above, this review is focuses on the main intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing the growth characteristics of different cattle breeds as well as its relationship with slaughter characteristics. Keywords: body measurements, body weight, breed, factor, growth characteristics References ALBERTÍ, P. et al. (2005). Carcass characterization of seven Spanish beef breeds slaughtered at two commercial weights. Meat Science, 71(3), 514–521. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.04.033 ALBERTÍ, P. et al. (2008). Live weight, body size and carcass characteristics of young bulls of fifteen European breeds. Livestock Science, 114(1), 19-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2007.04.010 BARTOŇ, L. et al. (2006) Effect of breed on growth performance and carcass composition of Aberdeen Angus, Charolais, Hereford and Simmental bulls. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 51, 47–53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17221/3908-CJAS BARTOŇ, L. et al. (2008). Growth, carcass traits, chemical composition and fatty acid profile in beef from Charolais and Simmental bulls fed different types of dietary lipids. J Sci Food Agric., 88(15), 2622–2630. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3381 BENE, S. et al. (2007). Comparison of body measurements of beef cows of different breeds. Archives Animal Breeding, 50(4), 363–373. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-50-363-2007 BLANCO, M. et al. (2008). Effect of early weaning on performance, carcass and meat quality of spring-born bull calves raised in dry mountain areas. Livestock Science, 115(2–3), 226–234. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2007.07.012 BLANCO, M. et al. (2009). Effects of early weaning and breed on calf performance and carcass and meat quality in autumnborn bull calves. Livestock Science, 120(1–2), 103–115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2008.05.003 BOBČEK, B. (2002). Živočíšna výroba. Nitra: Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita. 166 p. BUREŠ, D. and BARTOŇ, L. (2012). Growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of bulls and heifers slaughtered at different ages. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 57(1), 34–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17221/5482-CJAS BUREŠ, D. and BARTOŇ, L. (2018). Performance, carcass traits and meat quality of Aberdeen Angus, Gascon, Holstein and Fleckvieh finishing bulls. Livestock Science, 214, 231–237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2018.06.017 CAETANO, S. L. et al. (2013). Estimates of genetic parameters for carcass, growth and reproductive traits in Nellore cattle. Livestock Science, vol. 155(1), 1–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2013.04.004 CASASÚS, I. et al. (2000). Performance and ingestive activity of Brown Swiss and Pirenaica cows and their calves during the spring on valley meadows. Archivos de Zootecnia, 49(188), 445–456. COLEMAN, L.W. et al. (2016). Carcass characteristics and meat quality of Hereford sired steers born to beef-cross-dairy and Angus breeding cows. Meat Science, 121, 403–408. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.07.011 DOMARADZKI, P. et al. (2017). Slaughter value and meat quality of suckler calves: A review. Meat Science, 134, 135–149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.07.026 DIKEMAN, M. and DEVINE, C. (2004). Encyclopedia of meat sciences. Second edition, Volume 1. In Academic press. Elsevier Ltd. Printed and bound in the United Kingdom, 2004, 1712 p. ISBN 978-0-12-384731-7 DROVERS. (2013). Putting average daily gain in context [Online]. Retrieved 2018-06-25 from https://www.drovers.com/article/putting-average-daily-gain-context DUANGJINDA, M. et al. (2001). Estimation of additive and nonadditive genetic variances in Hereford, Gelbvieh, and Charolais by Method. Journal of Animal Science, 79(12), 2997– 3001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/2001.79122997x ESSIEN, A. and ADESOPE, O. M. (2003). Linear body measurements of N’dama calves at 12 months in a South Western zone of Nigeria. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 15(4), 34. FĽAK, P. and ANTAL, J. (1980). The allometric growth of body dimensions and nutrient consumption of calves of the Slovak Spotted breed at various consumption of milk and plant proteins. Poľnohospodárstvo (Agriculture), 26(2), 158–166. FREER, M. et al.(2007). Energy. In: Coleman, L. W. (2016) Growth, carcass characteristics and meat quality of heifers and steers born to beef-cross-dairy cows. A Master of Science thesis. Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. 88 p. HOCQUETTE, J. F. et al. (2010). Intramuscular fat content in meat-producing animals: development, genetic and nutritional control, and identification of putative markers. Animal, 4(2), 303–319. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731109991091 HRADECKÁ, E. et al. (2000). Obtížnost porodu u plemene plavé akvitánské. In: Aktuální problémy šlechtění, chovu, zdraví a produkce skotu, České Budějovice: JČU. HUANG, Y. et al. (2010). Two novel coding SNPs of SREBP1c gene are associated with body weight and average daily gain in bovine. Animal Biotechnology Journal, 21(3), 170–178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10495391003768813 HUANG, Y. Z. et al. (2015). Exploring genotype-phenotype relationships of the LHX3 gene on growth traits in beef cattle. Gene, 561(2), 219–224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2015.02.030 HUXLEY, J. S. (1993). Problems of relative growth. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Originally published: New York: Dial Press, 1932. 360 p. CHAMBAZ, A. et al. (2003). Meat quality of Angus, Simmental, Charolais and Limousin steers compared at the same intramuscular fat content. Meat Science, 63(4), 491–500. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(02)00109-2 CHIN-COLLI, R. D. C. et al. (2016). Genetic parameters for growth and reproductive traits of brown swiss cattle from mexico. Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios, 3(7), 11–20. IBEAGHA-AWEMU, E. M. et al. (2008). A critical analysis of production-associated DNA polymorphisms in the genes of cattle, goat, sheep, and pig. Mammalian Genome, 19(9), 591– 617. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00335-008-9141-x IRSHAD, A. et al.(2013). Factors Influencing Carcass Composition of Livestock: a Review. Journal of Animal Production Advances, 3(5), 177–186. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/ japa.20130531093231 KEANE, M. G. and MOLONEY, A. P. (2009). A comparison of finishing systems and duration for spring-born Aberdeen Angus × Holstein-Friesian and Belgian Blue × Holstein-Friesian steers. Livestock Science, vol. 124(1–3), 223–232. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2009.02.001 KIDWELL, J. F. et al. (1952). A genetic investigation of allometric growth in Hereford cattle. Genetics, vol. 37(2), 158–174. KNOLL, A. (2010). The current approaches to finding of genetic markers for improvement of production and quality of meat (Šlechtění na masnou užitkovost a aktuální otázky produkce jatečných zvířat). Sborník příspěvku z IV. Mezinárodní vědecké conference, Mendelova univerzita, Brno. ISBN 978-80-7375-430-3 KOOPS, W. J. (1989). Multiphasic analysis of growth (Het meerfasig analyseren van groei. Doctoral thesis, Wageningen: Wageningen Agricultural University.121 p. KRAUSSLICH, H. (1994). Koeficienty dedivosti. In Kadlečík, O. and Kasarda, R. (2007) Všeobecná zootechnika. Nitra : Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita. KRUPA, E. et al. (2005). Factors affecting growth traits of beef cattle breeds raised in Slovakia. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 50(1), 14–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17221/3990-CJAS LIU, H. et al. (2010). Mutations of MC4R gene and its association with economic traits in Qinchuan cattle. Molecular Biology Reports, 37(1), 535–540. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-009-9706-0 LOUDA, F. et al. (2009). Effect of selected markers on beef production of Blonde D´Aquitaine bulls and their crossbreeds with Czech Fleckvieh. Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, 12(Supplemen), 48-49. LU, D. et al. (2013). Genome-wide association analyses for growth and feed efficiency traits in beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 91(8), 3612–3633. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2012-5716 LUKUYU, M. N. et al. (2016) Use of body linear measurements to estimate liveweight of crossbred dairy cattle in smallholder farms in Kenya. SpringerPlus, 5(63), 14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-1698-3 MAIWASHE, A. N. et al. (2002). Genetic parameter estimates for body measurements and growth traits in South African Bonsmara cattle. Livest. Prod. Sci., 75(3), 293–300. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(01)00324-4 MARTÍNEZ-GONZÁLEZ, J. C. et al. (2010). Genetic parameters for growth traits in Mexican Nellore cattle. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 42(5), 887–892. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-009-9502-9 PAPALEO MAZZUCCO, J. et al. (2016). Growth, carcass and meat quality traits in beef from Angus, Hereford and crossbreed grazing steers, and their association with SNPs in genes related to fat deposition metabolism. Meat Science, 114, 121– 129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.12.018 McMURRY, B. (2009). Cow size is growing [Online]. Retrieved 2018-07-20 from https://www.beefmagazine.com/genetics/0201-increased-beef-cows MENCHACA, M. A. et al. (1996). Evaluation of growth curves of Brahman cattle of various frame sizes. Journal of Animal Science, 74, 2140–2151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/1996.7492140x MORSY, N.H.A. et al. (1998). Factors Affecting Body Weight, Scrotal Circumference Hip Height and their Relationships with Birth Weighl Preweaning and Postweaning Gains in Young Bulls. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 13(1–2), 81–92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.1998.9706674 MUIR, P. D. et al. (2000). A comparison of animal performance and carcass and meat quality characteristics in Hereford, Hereford × Friesian, and Friesian steers grazed together at pasture. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 43, 193– 205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00288233.2000.9513421 NOGALSKI, Z. et al. (2017). Carcass characteristics and meat quality of bulls and steers slaughtered at two different ages. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 17(2), 279–288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2017.1383861 OWENS, F. N. et al. (1995). Review of some aspects of growth and development of feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 73(10), 3152–3172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/1995.73103152x OZKAYA, S. and BOZKURT, Y. (2009). The accuracy of prediction of body weight from body measurements in beef cattle. Arch. Anim. Breed., 52, 371–377. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-52-371-2009 PAPUTUNGAN, U. and MAKARECHIAN, M. (2000). The Influence of Dam Weight, Body Condition and Udder Scores on Calf Birth Weight and Preweaning Growth Rates in Beef Cattle. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 13(4), 435–439. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2000.435 PONTECORVO, G. (1939). Allometric growth of the forelimb in cattle. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 29(1), 111–114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600051583 PRADO, R.M. et al. (2009). Meat quality of the Longissimus muscle of bulls and steers (1/2 Nellore vs. 1/2 Simmental) finished in feedlot. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 18, 221– 230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/66386/2009 PURCHAS, R. W. and ZOU, M. (2008). Composition and quality differences between the longissimus and infraspinatus muscles for several groups of pasture-finished cattle. Meat Science, 80(2), 470–479. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. meatsci.2008.01.013 RENAND, I. G. et al. (2001). Relationships between muscle characteristics and meat quality traits of young Charolais bulls. Meat Science, 59(1), 49–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(01)00051-1 RYU, J. and LEE, CH. (2014). Genomic Heritability of Bovine Growth Using a Mixed Model. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science, 27(11), pp. 1521–1525. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2014.14287 SCOLLAN, N. et al. (2006). Innovations in beef production systems that enhance the nutritional and health value of beef lipids and their relationship with meat quality. Meat Science, 74(1), 17–33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.05.002 SCHREURS, N. M. et al. (2008). Meta-analysis of the effect of animal maturity on muscle characteristics in different muscles, breeds, and sexes of cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 86, 2872–2887. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-0882 STÅLHAMMAR, H. and PHILIPSSON, J. (2008). Sex-specific genetic parameters for weaning and post-weaning gain in Swedish beef cattle under field conditions. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A – Animal Science, 47(3), 138–147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09064709709362380 STRAPÁK, P. et al. (2000). Calving ease and birth weight of calves of Slovak Simmental cows. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 45(7), 293–299 SUN, X. M. et al. (2013). Two novel intronic polymorphisms of bovine FGF21 gene are aassociated with body weight at 18 months in Chinese cattle. Livestock Science, 155(1), 23–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2013.03.023 SUN, Y. et al. (2015). Haplotype combination of the bovine CFL2 gene sequence variants and association with growth traits in Qinchuan cattle. Gene, 563(2), 136–141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2015.03.016 SZABÓ, F. et al. (2006). Effects of breed age of dam birth year, birth season and sex on weaning weight of beef calves. Livestock Science, 103(1–2), 181–185. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2005.12.005 SZABÓ, F. et al. (2007). Estimation of genetic parameters and (co)variance components for weaning traits of Charolais population in Hungary. Archives Animal Breeding, 50(5), 447– 454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-50-447-2007 TOUŠOVÁ, R. et al. (2014). The effect of selected factors on the growth ability of Charolais cattle. Acta universitas agriculturae et silviculturae mendelianae brunensis, 62(1), 255– 260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201462010255 VAVRIŠÍNOVÁ, K. et al. (2009). Quality of steer beef from intensive finishing after pasture. Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, 12(Mimoriadne číslo), 684-689. VAVRIŠÍNOVÁ, K. et al. (2010). Meat production in Holstein calves. Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, 13(Mimoriadne číslo), 80-83. VAVRIŠÍNOVÁ, K. et al. (2017). Vývoj a produkčné parametre chovu mäsového dobytka na Slovensku. Nitra : Slovak University of Agriculture. VAVRIŠÍNOVÁ, K. et al. (2019). The Effect of the Slaughter Weight on Carcass Composition, Body Measurements and Veal Quality of Holstein Calves. Acta universitas agriculturae et silviculturae mendelianae brunensis, 67(5), 1235–1243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967051235 VAN MARLE-KÖSTER, E. et al. (2000). Body measurements as selection criteria for growth in South African Hereford cattle. Arch. Anim. Breed., 43, 5–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-43-5-2000 VIEIRA, C. et al. (2007). Breed and ageing extent on carcass and meat quality of beef from adult steers (oxen). Livest Sci., 107(1), 62–69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2006.09.004 VOSTRÝ, L. et al. (2008). Analysis of population and heterosis effects in crossbred cattle of Czech Fleckvieh and Beef Simmental parentage for growth traits. Arch. Anim. Breed., 51, 207–215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-51-207-2008 YAPP, W.W. (1924). A dimension- weight index for cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 1924(1), 50–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1924.1924150x YOKOO, M. J. et al. (2010). Genetic associations between carcass traits measured by real-time ultrasound and scrotal circumference and growth traits in Nelore cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 88(1), 52–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-1028