Abstract
Immune systems play a pivotal role in recognizing cancer and induce effective immune responses for their clearance. Avoidance of immune system is one of the major hallmarks in cancer progression that successively transforms immune surveillance (tumor eradication) to immune tolerance (tumor progression). Modulation of immune cells to harness the power of effective immune responses has been long-term goals for promising strategies of cancer immune therapy. Monoclonal antibodies, immune modulators, vaccines, immune checkpoint blockers are now widely used in cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy also provides supportive care against high-dose cancer chemotherapy regimens. Recently immunotherapy was adopted as one of the major approaches during bone marrow transplant of hematologic malignancy. Immune-based therapeutic strategies efficiently restrict tumor evasion and have also shown efficacy against multi-drug resistant cells, one of the most crucial complications in cancer treatment. Advances in immunology and understanding the roles of immune cells in cancer microenvironment have led to numerous specific strategies to boost immune components that successively dampen cancer progression. In this review, we have described several effective immune therapy strategies that target tolerogenic immune cells to become immunogenic and restore immune surveillance in cancer. Manipulation of immune cells by novel therapeutic strategies strive to induce antitumor immune responses by expanding effective anti-tumor T cell immune responses, evoking immune activation signaling and restraining regulatory pathway that established immune-tolerance. The future of cancer immunotherapy relies on a combination of these effective strategies to harness the immune power to restrict cancer advancement.
Published Version
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