Abstract
The "El Zapotal” is a Natural Protected Area (NPA) that contains one of the last fragments of the Sub-evergreen Medium Rainforest of the Central Valley in Chiapas; it is home to a different species of native flora and fauna native. We conduct a spatio-temporal study of vegetation and land use change, analyzing Landsat satellite images from 1980, 2000 and 2020. Sites with evidence of timber extraction, areas susceptible to fires, and clandestine entries were recorded. According to the Mann-Whitney U analysis, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the land cover of any of the four vegetation and land use classes, inside and outside the NPA over the past 40 years. However, the Medium Sub-evergreen Forest and Acahual presented a negative rate of change, inside and outside "El Zapotal". In contrast the the Urban Land showed a positive rate of change in the vicinity of the NPA, an alarm signal about the process of isolation of the ANP with respect to other areas of protection of ecosystems, as well as areas covered by native vegetation. La reserva “El Zapotal” es el Área Natural Protegida (ANP) poseedora de uno de los últimos fragmentos de Selva Mediana Subperennifolia del Valle Central del estado de Chiapas; allí se distribuyen especies de flora y fauna nativas. Se realizó un estudio espacio-temporal del cambio de vegetación y uso de suelo, analizando imágenes satelitales Landsat de los años 1980, 2000 y 2020. Se registraron sitios con evidencia de extracción de madera, áreas susceptibles a incendios y entradas clandestinas. De acuerdo al análisis de U Mann-Whitney, no existió diferencia significativa (p>0.05) en la cobertura de ninguna de las cuatro clases de vegetación y uso de suelo, dentro y fuera de la ANP a lo largo de los 40 años. No obstante, la Selva Mediana Subperennifolia y el Acahual presentaron una tasa de cambio negativa, al interior y al exterior de “El Zapotal”, mientras que el Suelo Urbano presentó una tasa de cambio positiva en las inmediaciones de la ANP, dando una señal de alarma sobre el proceso de aislamiento de la reserva con respecto a otras áreas de protección de ecosistemas, así como de áreas cubiertas por vegetación nativa.
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