Calibration source for OH radical based on synchronous photolysis

Abstract

<sec> OH radical is the most important oxidant in the atmosphere, and controls the tropospheric concentration of tropospheric trace gases such as CO, SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and other volatile organic compounds. Accurate measurement of the concentration of OH radical in troposphere is the key to clarifying the formation mechanism of secondary pollution in China. The laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique is widely used in tropospheric OH radical field observation due to its high sensitivity, high selectivity, and small interference. However, the LIF technique is not an absolute measurement technology. In recent years, OH radical measurements and simulations in many field observations show that the improvement of accuracy of calibration is a way to reduce the differences. Currently, the common calibration methods are ozone-alkene method and water photolysis method. Further improving the accuracy of calibration is a key factor to ensure the accurate measurement of OH radicals.</sec><sec> In this paper, a portable calibration method of OH radicals based on simultaneous photolysis is introduced. The synthetic air with a certain water vapor concentration is irradiated in laminar flow by 185 nm light of mercury lamp, and the photolysis of water vapor and O<sub>2</sub> produce OH, HO<sub>2</sub> radicals and O<sub>3</sub>. The concentration of OH radicals is calculated by oxygen concentration, water vapor concentration, ozone concentration, oxygen absorption cross section and water vapor absorption cross section. The water vapor is measured by a high-precision temperature and humidity probe, and the systematic error of the probe is corrected by 911-0016 ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O) analyzer. As the ozone concentration is only 0.5－1 ppb in the calibration, the commercial ozone analyzer cannot meet the requirement for the measurement. A high-precision ozone analyzer O<sub>3</sub>-CRDS based on cavity-ring-down spectrocopy is built to achieve the detection limit of 15 ppt (1σ). Using the O<sub>3</sub>-CRDS analyzer, the concentration distribution coefficient of ozone in laminar flow along the radial direction of the flow tube (<i>P</i> = 1.9) is measured. Because the absorption cross section of oxygen at 185 nm is seriously affected by oxygen column concentration and the characteristics of mercury lamp, the oxygen absorption cross section is remeasured based on Lambert’s law, which is <italic/><inline-formula><tex-math id="Z-20200420115213-1">\begin{document}$ \sigma_{\rm O_2} $\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="9-20200153_Z-20200420115213-1.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="9-20200153_Z-20200420115213-1.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula><sub><sub> </sub></sub>= (1.25 ± 0.08)×10<sup>–20</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>. The portable calibration device is established by establishing the corresponding relationship between ozone concentration and light intensity. By changing the concentration of water vapor in the flow tube, the OH radicals with concentrations in a range of 3×10<sup>8</sup>－2.8×10<sup>9</sup> cm<sup>–3</sup> are produced, which are used to calibrate the atmospheric OH radical measurement instrument based on LIF technique. The fluorescence signal has a good correlation with the concentration of OH. The calibration device of OH radical is used to calibrate the LIF system during “a comprehensive study of the ozone formation mechanism in Shenzhen” (STORM) field observation in Autumn 2018. The calibration results under the field condition show that the calibration uncertainty of the calibration device for LIF instrument is 13.0%, which has good stability and accuracy.</sec>