Abstract
A human-induced fire cleared a large area of tropical dry forest near the Ankoatsifaka Research Station at Kirindy Mitea National Park in western Madagascar over several weeks in 2013. Fire is a major factor in the disturbance and loss of global tropical dry forests, yet remotely sensed mapping studies of fire-impacted tropical dry forests lag behind fire research of other forest types. Methods used to map burns in temperature forests may not perform as well in tropical dry forests where it can be difficult to distinguish between multiple-age burn scars and between bare soil and burns. In this study, the extent of forest lost to stand-replacing fire in Kirindy Mitea National Park was quantified using both spectral and textural information derived from multi-date satellite imagery. The total area of the burn was 18,034 ha. It is estimated that 6% (4761 ha) of the Park’s primary tropical dry forest burned over the period 23 June to 27 September. Half of the forest burned (2333 ha) was lost in the large conflagration adjacent to the Research Station. The best model for burn scar mapping in this highly-seasonal tropical forest and pastoral landscape included the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) and both uni- and multi-temporal measures of greenness. Lessons for burn mapping of tropical dry forest are much the same as for tropical dry forest mapping—highly seasonal vegetation combined with a mixture of background spectral information make for a complicated analysis and may require multi-temporal imagery and site specific techniques.
Highlights
Tropical forests account for the majority of the earth’s remaining forest resources [1]
Tropical dry forests (TDF) outnumbered tropical humid forests nearly two-to-one [2], but today, land occupied by tropical humid forests surpasses that of tropical dry forests (TDF) [1]
TDFs support a higher human population density than do tropical humid forests [3] and they are at high risk of disturbance from a variety of human activities such as agricultural conversion, hunting and gathering, livestock grazing, fuelwood collection, and selective logging [1,2,4,5,6]
Summary
Tropical forests account for the majority of the earth’s remaining forest resources [1]. TDFs support a higher human population density than do tropical humid forests [3] and they are at high risk of disturbance from a variety of human activities such as agricultural conversion, hunting and gathering, livestock grazing, fuelwood collection, and selective logging [1,2,4,5,6]. Natural disturbances such as fire, drought, insect outbreaks, and cyclones take a toll on TDF leading to detrimental positive feedback loops between natural and human-induced disturbances. It can be difficult differentiating between recent and past burns scars, as well as between burn scars and agricultural lands
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