Abstract
The common approach to model occupants behaviors in buildings is deterministic and consists of assumptions based on predefined fixed schedules or rules. In contrast with the deterministic models, stochastic and agent based (AB) models are the most powerful and suitable methods for modeling complex systems as the human behavior. In this paper, a co-simulation architecture is proposed with the aim of modeling the occupant behavior in buildings by a stochastic-AB approach and implementing an intelligent Building Energy Management System (BEMS). In particular, optimized control logics are designed for smart passive cooling by controlling natural ventilation and solar shading systems to guarantee the thermal comfort conditions and maintain energy performance. Moreover, the effects of occupant actions on indoor thermal comfort are also taken into account. This study shows how the integration of automation systems and passive techniques increases the potentialities of passive cooling in buildings, integrating or replacing the conventional efficiency strategies.
Highlights
IntroductionIn recent years, moving towards a Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB) target, increasing attention has been paid to the development of innovative strategies and technology solutions for the energy efficiency of building components and Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems [1]
In recent years, moving towards a Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB) target, increasing attention has been paid to the development of innovative strategies and technology solutions for the energy efficiency of building components and Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems [1].NZEB standard requires a sophisticated dynamic control of the building-HVAC system to minimize the wastes that can be generated by an incorrect management by users [2,3].In particular, occupants are considered as one of the major source of microclimate alteration in building environment, being “passive agents” that generates sensible and latent energy emissions and pollutants
This paper aims at designing a management architecture to deal with stochastic occupant behavior in buildings, optimizing Building Energy Management System (BEMS) control rules in order to reduce thermal discomfort conditions and minimizing the use of energy consuming systems such as HVAC
Summary
In recent years, moving towards a Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB) target, increasing attention has been paid to the development of innovative strategies and technology solutions for the energy efficiency of building components and Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems [1]. Occupants are considered as one of the major source of microclimate alteration in building environment, being “passive agents” that generates sensible and latent energy emissions and pollutants. They can be considered as “active agents” interacting with the building systems e.g., by activating thermostats and artificial lighting, opening, closing and shading windows, etc. In Kim [5] an optimal occupant behavior is established that can simultaneously reduce total energy consumption and improve the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ), using an energy simulation and optimization tool
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