Buddhist Temples of Tibetan Tradition in Northeast China

Abstract

This article provides an overview of the history and evolution of four major Tibetan Buddhist temples in Northeast China (Dalelinsi, Wudangzhao, and Gegenmiao Monasteries in Inner Mongolia and Ruiyingsi Temple Complex in Liaoning Province) and analyzes the characteristics of their religious rituals. As important centres for the dissemination of Tibetan Buddhism, the temples of Northeast China not only preserve rich historical and cultural traditions, but also demonstrate unique features of ritual practices. The temples of Northeast China, while preserving traditional religious rituals of Tibetan Buddhism (various pujas and prayers), incorporate elements of local folk culture and beliefs, forming specific ritual forms. These rituals, by reflecting the doctrinal spirit of Tibetan Buddhism, enrich the spiritual and cultural life of the local population. Historical analysis of the evolution and activities of these temples allows us to identify the features of the current religious situation in Northeast China, as well as to largely predict possible trends in their further interaction with local cultures.