Abstract
Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) affects several types of leguminous crops, including the Vigna species, which comprises a number of commercially important pulse crops. YMD is characterized by the formation of a bright yellow mosaic pattern on the leaves; in severe forms, this pattern can also be seen on stems and pods. This disease leads to tremendous yield losses, even up to 100%, in addition to deterioration in seed quality. Symptoms of this disease are similar among affected plants; YMD is not limited to mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) and also affects other collateral and alternate hosts. In the last decade, rapid advancements in molecular detection techniques have been made, leading to an improved understanding of YMD-causing viruses. Three distinct bipartite begomoviruses, namely, Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV), Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV), and Horsegram Yellow Mosaic Virus (HgYMV), are known to cause YMD in Vigna spp. Vigna crops serve as an excellent protein source for vegetarians worldwide; moreover, they aid in improving soil health by fixing atmospheric nitrogen through a symbiotic association with Rhizobium bacteria. The loss in the yield of these short-duration crops due to YMD, thus, needs to be checked. This review highlights the discoveries that have been made regarding various aspects of YMD affecting mungbean, including the determination of YMD-causing viruses and strategies used to develop high-yielding YMD-resistant mungbean varieties that harness the potential of related Vigna species through the use of different omics approaches.
Highlights
They summarized the information on virus history, disease transmission, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based virus species detection, and the management of Yellow Mosaic Virus (YMV) through various approaches, such as cultural practices, integrated nutrient management (INM), integrated disease management (IDM), integrated pest management (IPM), and deployment of resistant genotypes
A significant reduction in chlorophyll and carotenoids has been reported in black gram and moth bean plants infected with Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV), but the reduction in total chlorophyll was higher in susceptible genotypes [92,95]
After the availability of the whole-genome sequences of LYMVs, several PCR-based diagnostic markers have been developed to diagnose the specific virus leading to Yellow mosaic disease (YMD), which is helpful in detecting and determining the virus species that lead to YMD development (Table 3)
Summary
It is a very popular legume due to its short life cycle, high growth rate, and its use in numerous food recipes [1] It has wide adaptability and low input requirements; it has the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen into the soil through a symbiotic association with Rhizobium, which improves the soil health and enhances the yield of subsequently planted crops [2]. Naimuddin et al [19] reviewed the current status of YMD in both mungbean and urdbean They summarized the information on virus history, disease transmission, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based virus species detection, and the management of YMV through various approaches, such as cultural practices, integrated nutrient management (INM), integrated disease management (IDM), integrated pest management (IPM), and deployment of resistant genotypes
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