Abstract
A persistent critique of university histories is their lack of consideration for the influence of external forces. How did the political and societal pressures of the 1960s inform understandings of the contributions that students and universities should make to society? This article investigates how pressures that the universities contribute to the ‘national need’ informed the design of studies and the built environment at the University of Warwick. Vice-Chancellor of Warwick ‘Jack’ Butterworth in 1970 found himself and his university criticised for permitting an ‘oligarchy of industrialists,’ to subjugate the university and force it to mass-produce ‘capitalistic,’ managers. For Butterworth this was no coup but a reorientation of the purpose of a university towards public needs. At Warwick, a new university was imagined. Its environment and teaching programme stressed ‘breadth’ and spontaneity so that it might produce students armed with ‘pure’ knowledge to be ‘applied’ to practical issues of the day, particularly those found in industry. The nation needed such broad-minded, productive graduates in order to engender the prosperous liberal society. This educational philosophy is identifiable in Butterworth’s proposals for his business school, Warwick’s foiled attempt to merge with the local college of technology, and its unsuccessful early designs for halls of residence.
Highlights
Butterworth verses Thompson In November 1970, Colin Eaborn, Professor of Chemistry at the new University of Sussex (1961), authored an article commenting on the relationship between industry and the universities
Eaborn noted a recent survey conducted by the Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals (CVCP) had indicated that all British university Vice-Chancellors were in favour of increased collaboration with industry
The ‘common culture’ transmitted through universities was no longer the exclusive property of a societal elite but necessary for a much wider portion of the population to participate in modern society
Summary
Butterworth verses ThompsonIn November 1970, Colin Eaborn, Professor of Chemistry at the new University of Sussex (1961), authored an article commenting on the relationship between industry and the universities. The existing literature, including Shattock, has assumed a strict division of national responsibility for education of what Shattock (1994: 78) refers to as ‘rounded and balanced men,’ at these new institutions, in contrast to the highly technically qualified graduates from the CATs. Government targets for the number of university places continued to grow: the Robbins Report (1963a) recommended a threefold increase to 346,000 students by 1980.
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