Abstract
A set of novel branched molecules bearing a different number of 3,6-bis(4,4′-dimethoxydiphenylamino)carbazole-based (Cz-OMeDPA) periphery arms linked together by aliphatic chains have been developed, and their performance has been tested in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Electrical and photovoltaic properties have been evaluated with respect to the number of Cz-OMeDPA moieties and the nature of the linking aliphatic chain. The isolated compounds possess sufficient thermal stability and are amorphous having high glass-transition temperatures (>120 °C) minimizing the risk of direct layer crystallization. The highest hole-drift mobility of μ0 = 3.1 × 10–5 cm2 V–1 s–1 is comparable to that of the reference standard spiro-OMeTAD (4.1 × 10–5 cm2 V–1 s–1) under identical conditions. Finally, PSCs employing two new HTMs (2Cz-OMeDPA and 3Cz-OMeDPA-OH) bearing two and three substituted carbazole chromophores, linked by an aliphatic chain, show a performance of around 20%, which is on par with devices using spiro-OMeTAD and demonstrates slightly enhanced device stability.
Highlights
IntroductionOrganic−inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been receiving marked worldwide attention owing to their low cost and facile fabrication.[1] Since
Over the recent years, organic−inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been receiving marked worldwide attention owing to their low cost and facile fabrication.[1]
Considering the above-mentioned information, we report the synthesis of branched molecules bearing a different number of 3,6-bis(4,4′-dimethoxydiphenylamino)carbazole-based
Summary
Organic−inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been receiving marked worldwide attention owing to their low cost and facile fabrication.[1] Since. A typical conventional PSC consists of a lead-halide perovskite layer sandwiched by an electron-selective layer and an organic hole-selective material, which is an important counterpart to produce high efficiency due to effective hole extraction/collection and electron blocking from the perovskite to the metal anode.[4,5] The well-known spirobifluorene derivative 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis-(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) is the most widely used hole-transporting material (HTM) in PSCs. As spiroOMeTAD is relatively expensive,[6] the synthesis of novel lowcost and highly efficient HTMs is still a determinant challenge for future large-scale PSC production. HTMs representing various classes of organic compounds have been synthesized, as reviewed in numerous review articles.[7−16]
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