Abstract
Biomaterials for use in guided bone regeneration (GBR) are constantly being investigated and developed to improve clinical outcomes. The present study aimed to comparatively evaluate the biological performance of different membranes during the bone healing process of 8 mm critical defects in rat calvaria in order to assess their influence on the quality of the newly formed bone. Seventy-two adult male rats were divided into three experimental groups (n = 24) based on the membranes used: the CG—membrane-free control group (only blood clot, negative control), BG—porcine collagen membrane group (Bio-Guide®, positive control), and the PCL—polycaprolactone (enriched with 5% hydroxyapatite) membrane group (experimental group). Histological and histometric analyses were performed at 7, 15, 30, and 60 days postoperatively. The quantitative data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). At 7 and 15 days, the inflammatory responses in the BG and PCL groups were significantly different (p < 0.05). The PCL group, at 15 days, showed a large area of newly formed bone. At 30 and 60 days postoperatively, the PCL and BG groups exhibited similar bone healing, including some specimens showing complete closure of the critical defect (p = 0.799). Thus, the PCL membrane was biocompatible, and has the potential to help with GBR procedures.
Highlights
guided bone regeneration (GBR) is characterized by the use of physical media that promote the anatomical isolation of a site, allowing the proliferation of a group of cells—
Resorbable collagen membranes dominate GBR procedures in clinical practice. They have several advantages over non-absorbable membranes as they stabilize the wound, allow early vascularization, attract fibroblasts through chemotaxis, and are semipermeable, which facilitates the transfer of nutrients
No complications were observed during the experimental surgical procedure or postoperatively, none of the animals were excluded from this study
Summary
Current implant systems are increasingly using methods for reconstruction of the alveolar process to allow optimal positioning of implants for esthetic and functional purposes [1,2,3,4,5,6].Guided bone regeneration (GBR) [7] is commonly used to treat conditions that reduce alveolar bone defects in the jaw [8,9,10].GBR is characterized by the use of physical media (membranes or barriers) that promote the anatomical isolation of a site, allowing the proliferation of a group of cells—predominantly osteoblasts—from the receptor site and simultaneously preventing the action of inhibitory factors on the process of regeneration [11].Currently, resorbable collagen membranes dominate GBR procedures in clinical practice. Current implant systems are increasingly using methods for reconstruction of the alveolar process to allow optimal positioning of implants for esthetic and functional purposes [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Guided bone regeneration (GBR) [7] is commonly used to treat conditions that reduce alveolar bone defects in the jaw [8,9,10]. GBR is characterized by the use of physical media (membranes or barriers) that promote the anatomical isolation of a site, allowing the proliferation of a group of cells—. Resorbable collagen membranes dominate GBR procedures in clinical practice. They have several advantages over non-absorbable membranes as they stabilize the wound, allow early vascularization, attract fibroblasts through chemotaxis, and are semipermeable, which facilitates the transfer of nutrients. The hydrophilic properties of the membranes facilitate the surgical technique and stabilization of the graft [12,13,14,15,16]
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