Abstract
PurposeTo evaluate the local effect of simvastatin (SVT) combined with deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) with hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate biphasic ceramics (HA/TCP) and with collagen sponge (CS) on bone repair in critical size defects (CSDs) in rat calvaria.MethodsForty-two 5-mm diameter CSDs were made bilaterally in the calvaria of 18 rats. The animals were allocated according to the type of biomaterial and associations used to fill the CSD. After 8 weeks, the animals were euthanized, and their calvaria were evaluated for repaired tissue composition using histologic and histometric analyses.ResultsIn the histometric analysis, the use of SVT showed to increase bone formation in the CSDs when combined with all the bone substitutes tested in this study (p<0.05). Greater bone formation was observed in the groups with SVT compared to the groups without SVT.ConclusionsThe use of SVT without the need for a vehicle and combined with a commercially available biomaterial may be a cheaper way to potentiate the formation of bone tissue without the need to produce new biomaterials. Therefore, SVT combined with DBB induced significantly greater new bone formation than did the other treatments.
Highlights
The identification of bone substitutes that can be used in grafting procedures and have a different origin than autogenous bone grafts is extremely important due to the high prevalence of bone defects that require grafting procedures and the inability to use autogenous bone grafts in all cases
Osteoconductive biomaterials, such as deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) and hydroxyapatite/ β-tricalcium phosphate biphasic ceramics (HA/TCP), have been indicated as alternative biomaterials to the use of autogenous bone grafts in bone grafting procedures[4,5]. These biomaterials have shown to be effective in increasing bone availability associated with maxillary sinus floor augmentation[4], in alveolar ridge preservation following tooth extraction[6] and in lateral ridge augmentation[7]. In spite of these benefits, the use of strictly osteoconductive biomaterials has shown to reduce the formation of bone tissue in comparison to areas grafted with autogenous bone[8], to reduce bone formation in noncritical size defects compared to those that were filled with clots[9] and to have worse implant osseointegration compared to implants placed in native bone[10]
critical size defects (CSDs) grafted with DBB showed greater bone formation at the margins of the defects, where it was possible to observe the presence of mature lamellar bone with flattened osteocytes
Summary
The identification of bone substitutes that can be used in grafting procedures and have a different origin than autogenous bone grafts is extremely important due to the high prevalence of bone defects that require grafting procedures and the inability to use autogenous bone grafts in all cases This type of graft has some of the best biological properties for bone formation[1], its use is limited by the morbidity caused to the patient, its limited availability and its resorption rates[2,3]. Osteoconductive biomaterials, such as deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) and hydroxyapatite/ β-tricalcium phosphate biphasic ceramics (HA/TCP), have been indicated as alternative biomaterials to the use of autogenous bone grafts in bone grafting procedures[4,5]. It is important to find alternative combinations to potentiate the formation of bone tissue in areas grafted with osteoconductive bone substitutes
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