Abstract
Guided bone regeneration was studied to establish protocols and develop new biomaterials that revealed satisfactory results. The present study aimed to comparatively evaluate the efficiency of the bacterial cellulose membrane (Nanoskin®) and collagen membrane Bio-Gide® in the bone repair of 8-mm critical size defects in rat calvaria. Seventy-two adult male rats were divided into three experimental groups (n = 24): the CG—membrane-free control group (only blood clot, negative control), BG—porcine collagen membrane group (Bio-Guide®, positive control), and BC—bacterial cellulose membrane group (experimental group). The comparison periods were 7, 15, 30, and 60 days postoperatively. Histological, histometric, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. The quantitative data were subjected to 2-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-test, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. At 30 and 60 days postoperatively, the BG group showed more healing of the surgical wound than the other groups, with a high amount of newly formed bone (p < 0.001), while the BC group showed mature connective tissue filling the defect. The inflammatory cell count at postoperative days 7 and 15 was higher in the BC group than in the BG group (Tukey’s test, p = 0.006). At postoperative days 30 and 60, the area of new bone formed was greater in the BG group than in the other groups (p < 0.001). Immunohistochemical analysis showed moderate and intense immunolabeling of osteocalcin and osteopontin at postoperative day 60 in the BG and BC groups. Thus, despite the promising application of the BC membrane in soft-tissue repair, it did not induce bone repair in rat calvaria.
Highlights
The results were evaluated using an optical microscope with a standardized reading of the slides of the CG, BC, and BG groups
On day 30, the BG group had a large amount of bone tissue interspersed with fragments of porcine collagen membrane, and for the CG and BC groups, the defect could not be closed (Figure 3)
On day 60, the CG defect was filled with connective tissue, without signs of bone neoformation, proving to be a critical defect; the BG group showed behavior as expected, promoting complete closure of the defect without the presence of membrane remnants
Summary
Guided bone regeneration (GBR), a technique used to promote bone reformation, mainly depends on the use of a biocompatible membrane that acts as a physical barrier to prevent the adjacent connective tissue from invading the bone defect, creating a favorable space for bone regeneration [1].During the healing process, the epithelial tissue migrates quickly to the wound, which complicates the process of bone regeneration [2].Membranes 2020, 10, 230; doi:10.3390/membranes10090230 www.mdpi.com/journal/membranesThese membranes must have the following properties: osteoinductivity, resorbability, biocompatibility, lack of cytotoxicity, and mechanical stability, that is, the capacity to maintain space during the process of bone repair [3,4].Collagen-based membranes (CBMs) are well recognized for being biocompatible and hemostatic, promoting chemotaxis for fibroblasts and osteoblasts, and for being semipermeable, allowing the transfer of nutrients [5]. CBMs are significant in the repair of intraosseous defects in the periodontium [6], and, when associated with several types of bone grafts, the efficacy of these membranes is improved, increasing their capacity to stimulate the repair of periodontal tissues [7,8]. This membrane is widely used in maxillofacial surgery and is considered the gold standard in bone-healing treatment.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
