Blood cytokine levels in patients with combined and multiple skeletal injuries

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Introduction. With regard to changes in blood cytokine levels and the development of posttraumatic complications, monitoring of these parameters may help in understanding the role of blood cytokines in the development of inflammatory reactions after trauma and the potential possibility of using them as biomarkers to predict the severity of the systemic inflammatory response. The purpose of the study: to investigate the role of cytokines in the development of inflammatory reactions after trauma and the possibility of using them as biomarkers. Material and methods. The study included 228 patients with combined trauma of organs of several cavities and skeletal traumas. IL-8, IL-10, TGFβ, and IL-4 concentrations were determined by enzyme immunoassay method in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions (R&D Systems, USA). Results and Discussion. As a result of the study, IL-6 increased in patients on day 1–2 after injury, as did IL-8, IL-10, TGFβ, and IL-4. IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TGFβ indices in patients remained high on day 5–7 and tended to increase, while, on the contrary, IL-4 index tended to decrease. In our study we found the increase of TGFβ-1 index 1–2 days after the patient's injury and it reached the maximum values (TGFβ-1–134 ng/ml). Conclusion. Changes in the indices of the studied blood cytokines in trauma patients revealed an imbalance in inflammatory reactions after trauma, which was more pronounced in patients in severe conditions and in patients with complications.