Bisphenol A migration to alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages – An improved molecular imprinted solid phase extraction method prior to detection with HPLC-DAD

Abstract

The great concern about food contamination and human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) necessitated the development of a green and highly selective method for the efficient monitoring of BPA migration from the packaging materials to alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. Molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE) coupled to high pressure liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) using an imprinted sol–gel silica-based hybrid inorganic–organic polymeric sorbent (sol–gel MIP) was applied in the determination of BPA in trace levels. The sorbent mass was optimized. The highest absolute recovery (RE = 84.1%) was obtained with the use of 50 mg of mass sorbent. The extraction protocol involved 0.5 mL sample loading, 15 min of holding time and elution with 2 mL ACN. The imprinting factor (IF) was equal to 3.63 ± 0.11 (n = 3). The developed MISPE-HPLC-DAD method was validated and demonstrated excellent linearity (0.997), high recovery (RE: 99.5% ± 5.7, n = 3), intra-assay repeatability over the range 92.4–98.1%, n = 3; and inter-assay precision over the range 81.2–102.3%, n = 3. Overall, 36 alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages available in the Greek market were tested for BPA and the quantification results were below the regulation limit for all the samples over the range 0.011–0.041ng mL−1.