Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of porous poly (d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres (PMSs) immobilized on biphasic calcium phosphate nanoparticles (BCP NPs) (BCP-IM-PMSs) to enhance osteogenic activity. PMSs were fabricated using a fluidic device, and their surfaces were modified with l-lysine (aminated-PMSs), whereas the BCP NPs were modified with heparin–dopamine (Hep-DOPA) to obtain heparinized–BCP (Hep-BCP) NPs. BCP-IM-PMSs were fabricated via electrostatic interactions between the Hep-BCP NPs and aminated-PMSs. The fabricated BCP-IM-PMSs showed an interconnected pore structure. In vitro studies showed that MG-63 cells cultured on BCP-IM-PMSs had increased alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium content, and mRNA expression of osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN) compared with cells cultured on PMSs. These data suggest that BCP NP-immobilized PMSs have the potential to enhance osteogenic activity.
Highlights
IntroductionBone grafts such as autografts and allografts are widely used
To regenerate bone defects, bone grafts such as autografts and allografts are widely used
We showed that porous microspheres (PMSs) and aminated-PMSs had negligible osteogenic effects and mineralization, and the surface modification of PMSs with biphasic calcium phosphate nanoparticles (BCP NPs) could more greatly promote the osteogenic activities of MG-63 cells than mixing of Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) NPs within PMSs
Summary
Bone grafts such as autografts and allografts are widely used. Bone grafts have some disadvantages in terms of pain, donor site morbidity, rejection, and disease transmission [2,3] Given these problems, bone tissue engineering involving a three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffold, stem cells, and cellular stimulation (e.g., via growth factors or drugs) has become a recent focus of interest. Bone tissue engineering involving a three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffold, stem cells, and cellular stimulation (e.g., via growth factors or drugs) has become a recent focus of interest Such engineering could potentially help with regeneration or repair of bone defects [4]. 3D porous scaffolds provide the structural support for cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation They act as substrates for induction of new bone formation at the defect or injury site through surgical procedures [5,6]
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