Abstract
In this study, the biosynthesis of tin(iv) oxide nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) using leaves extract of Chromolaena Odorata was described. Although the traditional extraction method typically requires heating for collecting the extract, this study performed the extraction utilizing free heat. Subsequently, a comparative analysis was performed with the boiled version to recognize any distinctions in the formation of SnO2 NPs. Leaves of C. odorata contains bioactive compounds, particularly polyphenolic flavonoids which potentially serve as effective agents in green synthesis, acting as both reducing and capping agents for Sn4+. The synthesis was conducted at ambient temperature, followed by calcination at 700°C. FESEM images revealed that the morphologies of SnO2 NPs in both samples were uniform and spherical. The presence of O and Sn elements was further confirmed by EDX analysis, with atomic composition of approximately 76% and 23%, respectively. XRD obtained the most prominent peaks of SnO2 NPs which are (110), (101) and (211) in fair sharpness for both samples, with tetragonal structure. Furthermore, the FTIR spectrum affirmed the presence of pertinent functional groups through the vibration and stretching pattern of SnO2 and Sn-OH groups. Based on these findings, the heat-free treatment of C. odorata extract proves to be comparable to the boiled version in mediating biosynthesis. Nevertheless, the preference is towards the traditional process, as the use of heat enhances the extraction process by increasing the abundance of bioactive compounds without undergoing degradation. Additionally, it aids in stabilizing the structure of SnO2 NPs and preventing agglomeration.
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