Effect of calcination time on biosynthesised SnO2 nanoparticles using bioactive compound from leaves extract of Chromolaena Odorata

Abstract

Bioactive compounds contain in local medicinal plant found in Malaysia namely as Kapal Terbang or Chromolaena Odorata (C. Odorata) is used in performing biosynthesis of tin (iv) oxide nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) which act as reducing and stabilizing agent. In this paper, we report for the first time the biosynthesis of SnO2 NPs using non-toxic aqueous mixture of C. Odorata. The biosynthesis of SnO2 NPs was performed at room temperature and later underwent calcination process at 700°C within four different calcination time; 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours and 5-hours respectively. The synthesized SnO2 NPs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The results from FT-IR spectra confirmed the presence of functional groups of SnO2 NPs for sample calcined within two to four-hours. X-ray diffraction results shows that the average crystallite size are 8.8 nm with tetragonal structure. The morphology of the nanoparticles synthesized with uniform distribution of agglomerated spherical shape. The change in calcination time has definitely affect the energy band-gap as shown from the DRS absorption spectrum from 3.15 to 3.47 eV, respectively. This biosynthesized SnO2 NPs are proposed to have valuable application in catalysis and optoelectronic devices.