Abstract
The resonance angles of leaky waveguides (LWs) can be observed directly as exponentially decaying interference fringes in waveguides with refractive index that is 0.001–0.01 higher than cover, and when illuminated with wedge-shaped light beam. This work for the first time shows that such LWs can be realised using hydrogels of acrylamide copolymerised with N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMA). LWs made of 4.5% (w:v) acrylamide/APMA crosslinked with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA, Mn: 700Da) were ∼59% and ∼56% porous to 100kDa and 300kDa species, which are typical molecular weights of biomolecules, and hence were selected for biosensing of immunoglobulin G (IgG) with protein A–biotin (PAB) as biomolecular recognition element. The limit of detection of the acrylamide/APMA LW for IgG was 3.69±0.37 nM, which is at least 1/100th of the dissociation constant of the PAB-IgG binding partners used in this work. Future work will investigate the application of acrylamide/APMA LW for biosensing of clinically relevant analytes.
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