Bioremediation of soil - soil biota - plants system under heavy metal pollution as a factor of chemical and biological degradation

Abstract

By carrying out long-term field studies of soil – soil biota – plants system in areas of technogenic impact emission of HM it was determined the taxonomic composition of mycological coenosis under the soil pollution by HM fungi genera Mucor, Trichoderma, Fusarium, Aspergillus. It was given the high levels of soil contamination by HM fate fungi of the genus Trichoderma, which is not phytopathogenic in mycological coenosis of soil, increased significantly under 13 %, indicating that the stability of operation in the presence of HM excess in soils. Among the genus Trichoderma fungi, it was found the most active in species Trichoderma viride. It was determined that fungi, bacteria compared to the soil, are more resistant to contamination concealed antagonism and inhibition effect of certain bacteria fungi that compete with native soil biota. On the basis of the soil-geochemical investigations the results in zones of sources of man-made emissions of pollutants influence Zmievskoy TPP «Centrenergo» NAC «Energy Company of Ukraine» Kharkiv region and a series of laboratory experiments elaborated a methodical approach for bioremediation of contaminated with heavy metals (HM) of the soil – soil biota – plants system. Used established a new property of the active biochemical agent of mycological drug Trihodermin BT based on mycological drug culture type Trichoderma viride – the ability to intensify the process of bioremediation and restore the quality of technogenic contaminated soils by HM. Biological preparation of Trichoderma BT used as a new biological improver for the prevention of biological and chemical degradation of soils with the activation of the myco- and microbial system of soil, functioning, increase the immune status and productivity of Hordeum sativum plants and improving their quality. Provides bioremediation effect with a limited term of a biological product in the soil, lowering its standards with increased use of its biological effectiveness. The technical result of the method is the expansion of the mycological drugs bank as natural resources with the effect of fertilizers, while the spread of the effective action of the active agent in the other components of the biological product of the studied system to produce new biological effects with simultaneous stabilization of the ecological environment, natural activation of the biological potential of the soil and the economic use of resources. The method can be used in agroecology, soil ecological management, for environmental monitoring of technogenic contaminated soils for various purposes and their using; in research practice – to develop a system of measures for biological remediation of contaminated areas in the complex biological processing methods remediation of contaminated soil and restoration of their resources, and, consequently, lower intensity of chemical and biological degradation of soils under the influence of technogenic pollution by HM; to improve the soil quality.