Abstract
Natural gas emissions from oil spill ensue changes to microbial consortia in oceans which might cause ecotoxicological impacts on marine life. Gas flaring, a technique in the clean-up of oil spill, is a major source of greenhouse gas emission and possess high risk of fire hazard. It is of utmost importance to avoid flaring and resort to cleaner techniques such as bioremediation. The study focuses on bioremediation of marine oil spill by indigenous bacterial consortia using beeswax as a biostimulant which supplements the limiting nutrients such as nitrate and phosphate. The experimental study was conducted by adding diesel oil in marine water with beeswax for bioremediation. The vital parameters such as dissolved oxygen, pH, diesel range organics, total microbial count, nitrate and phosphate contents were measured at intervals of 5 days. The indigenous bacteria utilized oil as carbon source and beeswax as nutrient source for growth and metabolism. The results showed 87% removal of oil content in treatment sample while only 59% reduction was achieved in the corresponding control sample. Evaporation of oil results in formation of aerosols and black carbon which can lead to climate change. The study proves that bioremediation of marine oil spill is an environmentally benign clean-up technique for oil spill which can reduce carbon emission.
Highlights
Black carbon produced by flaring of oil spill has strong implications for climate change
Zobell (1973) states that bioaugmentation is the introduction of bacteria to a spill site to supplement the indigenous microbial population in digesting the spilled petrochemicals
The other approach is biostimulation which is the introduction of nutrients and/or other growth enhancing substances to a spill site for the growth of indigenous microbes in order to accelerate the digestion of the spilled petrochemicals
Summary
Black carbon produced by flaring of oil spill has strong implications for climate change. 500 mL marine sample, 15 mL diesel oil and 5 g beeswax as pellets were added to the treatment beaker while no beeswax was added to the control Vital parameters such as DO, pH, nitrate, phosphate, and total microbial count were analysed at intervals of 5 days for 15 days. DRO was analysed using Gas ChromatographyMass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Another two samples were used for the analysis of oil content in the control and treatment at the end of the experiment to show the effective removal of diesel oil by evaporating the sample and measuring the remaining oil content using Soxhlet Extraction Method (Standard Methods American Water Works Association 5520 part D).
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