Abstract
Steam distilled essential oil of Cymbopogon nardus has been widely studied and commercialized; however, comprehensive valorisation of plant material requires more systematic characterization of other, non-volatile extracts and their potential activities. For this purpose C. nardus herb was fractionated into essential oil (EO) and non-volatile fractions by hydrodistillation (HD), Soxhlet (S), supercritical CO2 (SFE-CO2) and pressurized liquid (PLE) extractions. Antioxidant potential was evaluated by total phenolics (TPC), DPPH•/ABTS•+ scavenging and oxygen radical absorbance (ORAC) capacity. The yields were from 1.37/1.39% for SFE-CO2 (50 °C)/HD to 12.2/12.6% (w/w) for PLE-water/freeze dried after EO-HD water (PLE-WE/FD-WE). TPC was higher in S-acetone (S-AE) and PLE-WE, 70 and 60 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dew (dry extract weight), respectively. S-AE and S-ethanol extracts were strongest antioxidants, on average equivalent to 770 μmol of trolox equivalents (TE)/g dew in ABTS assay. Antibacterial activity was tested by well agar diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods with various microorganisms; EO at 3% inhibited all bacteria, except for S. aureus and S. typhimurium; MICs were in the range of 0.39–12.5 mg/mL. C. nardus extracts may be considered as potential natural antioxidants and antibacterial agents and a good source of phenolics.
Published Version
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