Abstract
Biomolecule-mediated nanoparticle synthesis has recently the gained attention of researchers due to its ecofriendly and non-toxic nature. Metabolites from plant extracts represent a better alternative to chemical methods to fulfill the growing demand for non-hazardous nanoparticle synthesis routes. Selenium and its nanoparticles have an extensive range of applications. Thus, biofabrication of selenium nanoparticles can be potentially useful in various fields. This study reports a green approach to biosynthesize selenium nanoparticles (Se-np) using dried Vitis vinifera (raisin) extracts. The biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Transmission electron microscopic images revealed the spherical shape of biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles and a size range of 3–18 nm. Dynamic light scattering also confirmed the average particle size of 8.12 ± 2.5 nm with 0.212 PDI. The crystalline nature of selenium nanoparticles was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction study. Moreover, as inferred from the FTIR spectrum, the presence of highly stable lignin biopolymer on the surface of selenium nanoballs suggests a possible role as capping agent.
Highlights
In recent years, interest in nanoparticles and nanomaterials, with sizes ranging from 0.1 nm to 1,000 nm, has emerged due to their novel and enhanced applicability in various areas such as electronics, chemistry, energy, and the development of medicines [1]
Biogenic synthesis of selenium nanoparticles was confirmed by the conversion of colourless selenious acid into the brick red colour of selenium nanoparticles (Figure 1a)
Supernatant was analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) for the remaining selenium ion concentration
Summary
Interest in nanoparticles and nanomaterials, with sizes ranging from 0.1 nm to 1,000 nm, has emerged due to their novel and enhanced applicability in various areas such as electronics, chemistry, energy, and the development of medicines [1]. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles can be performed using various biomaterials like bacteria, fungus, algae and plants. Selenium serves as a strong antimicrobial and anti-carcinogenic agent against a variety of cancers [8,9]. Despite these various advantages, high doses of selenium can cause adverse effects. Recent reports have revealed that selenium nanoparticles possess increased biological activity with reduced risk of selenium toxicity [11]. Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles using microorganisms and plant parts have previously been reported in some studies [13,14]. An ecofriendly biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles using Vitis vinifera (raisin) extract is reported. The biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles are further characterized by different techniques
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