Abstract
Natural rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Wild. Ex A. Juss.) Müell. Arg. is an important commodity crop grown in world over for industrial raw material rubber latex for various products, mainly tyre manufacturing. Hevea propagation is through clones evolved by breeding as cultivars with desired characters. This article presented the biomass and nutrient accumulation of four important Hevea clones viz. RRII 105, RRII 118, RRII 203 and GT1 at 30 years age. Biomass and nutrient concentration of tree components viz. trunk, branches, leaf and root were assessed by uprooting the trees in the field and standing trees using allometric equation. Among the different clones, RRII 118 and GT1 recorded higher biomass compared to RRII 105 and RRII 203. Above-ground biomass (88-93 per cent) varied more than below-ground biomass (7-11 per cent). The high yielding clones had higher leaf and root biomass. Drought tolerant and timber clones viz. RRII 118 and RRII 203 recorded higher K and high yielding clone RRII 105 had higher Ca accumulation. Biomass removal of these clones may lead to deficiency of K and Ca in soil and hence needs the external supplements. The relation of high Ca content and leaf disease of fungal origin is promising for further studies. The higher accumulation of iron and manganese indicated the tolerance of Hevea to these elements and possibility of phytoremediation. The per cent contribution of nutrients to total biomass varied less between clones and was below 3 percent at the age of 30 years and this is evidence of adjustments in proportions of nutrients in Hevea irrespective of clonal variations.
Highlights
The GlobalizationIn the modern world, the telecommunications and global economic freedom have changed the landscape of people’s movements across the borders and world regions (Arnett, 2002)
Their characteristics are described as below: Below poverty line: In lowland districts, 62.92% respondents were below poverty line (BPL) category, whereas 74.58% were in BPL category in upland belt
Binary logistic model results: Out of the total of ten (10) explanatory variables included into the model, seven (7) were found to determine the renewable energy adoption decision of sample households (Table 4)
Summary
The GlobalizationIn the modern world, the telecommunications and global economic freedom have changed the landscape of people’s movements across the borders and world regions (Arnett, 2002). Plant breeders across several research institutes are relentlessly engaged in developing new rice varieties, which primarily focus on yield improvement. Though with a ‘push’ extension mechanism those varieties are adopted by farmers, to some extent, in a short run, but not accepted in the long run Because of this very reason, those newly developed varieties soon become redundant in the seed system of the state and farmers hardly get the varieties of their choice. This scenario inefficiently utilizes resources at breeding program and jeopardizes state’s ambition to attain food security through varietal replacement. This is more relevant in context of Odisha where participation of farmers in plant breeding program is largely negligible
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