Biological completeness of meat proteins Reindeer chukota breed

Abstract

Purpose: study the biological value of proteins in the meat of Reindeer of the Chukchi breed.Materials and methods. The object of research is the meat of the northern deer bred in the Chukotsk AO. The content and maintenance of animals was carried out in accordance with the current production regulations. The northern deer are year -round in the tundra and forest -tundra pastures without additional feeding. For the study, deer older than 2 years, unsuitable for further use for economic purposes and chosen for the implementation for meat, were selected. The slaughter was carried out in places of grazing deer in March 2021. After cutting, the carcasses were frozen and stored at a temperature of not higher than 18 ° C. The sampling of the longest back muscles (M. Longissimus Dorsi) was carried out at the level of 9-12 ribs, in total, samples were taken in the amount of 52 pcs. The identification of animal protein amino acids was carried out in accordance with GOST 34132-2017.Results. In terms of the number of essential amino acids, Olenin surpasses beef in 6 positions out of 8. Including isolacin (114.2 %), leucine (111.4 %), methionine (133.9 %), phenylanin (108.6 %), Alanin (101.2 %), Arginine (120.1 %). Compared to lamb and pork, deer meat contains more valine, isolacin, leucine, lysine, methionine and phenylalanine. The coefficient of variability of essential amino acids varies between 7.87 ... 13.42 % with an average value of 9.8 %. Such a degree of variability of the sign can provide an acceptable level of breeding selection in terms of quantitative content of amino acids in the protein of deer meat. In the studied sample, the largest concentration of essential amino acids found leucine (1.647 g/100 g) and lysine (1.427 g), and the smallest - trionine (0.680 g). Among the replaced amino acids, the most significant concentration was detected in glutamine - 2.475 g/100 g, and the smallest - cysteine - 0.146 g/100 g of meat. The amount of essential amino acids amounted to 8.977 g/100 g, replaced - 7.72 g/100 g, the total amount - 16.697 g/100 g of meat. The amino acid score of each individual indispensable amino acid of meat varies from 118 to 242, phenylalanine is a limiting amino acid. The amount of essential amino acids of meat of meat as a percentage of the reference value is 148%.Conclusion. The data obtained allow us to state that the meat of the northern deer of the Chukotka breed is a biologically valuable food product that is not inferior to the best varieties of beef, lamb and pork. Olenina can successfully serve as an addition to meat products received from agricultural animals in the meat balance, especially the Arctic and subarctic territories of Russia.