BIOGEOGRAPHY AND INVASION BIOLOGY- A THEORETICAL STUDY

Abstract

Biogeography is a 19th-century discipline of geography that analyses the spatial distribution of creatures such as plants and animals. Biogeography is the scientific study, description, and documentation of the distribution and spread of species around the globe, as well as their environmental variables. Since, Invasion Invading species biology is one of the more recently created fields of biology that deals with the problem of invasive species. The phrase "invasive species" refers to plant and animal species that have been brought to new geographies and ecosystems and compete fiercely with native species that are infringing on their ecological area. They acquire and use space, soil, sunlight, nourishment, and other natural resources disproportionately, depriving native species of all available resources. They reproduce quickly and consistently, replacing native creatures. There has been transportation of species, consciously or unknowingly, since the geographical voyages, mainly during the 17th and 19th centuries. Many animals and birds migrate as a natural part of their life cycle, driven by physiological needs and environmental changes. This natural migration is not a factor in species introduction, which is mostly due to human activity. One of the major causes of biodiversity loss is biological invasions. As biological invasion threats grow, identifying high-vulnerability locations is becoming increasingly important. Biological invasions continue to have a significant negative influence on the environment and the economy. It's vital to understand why some introduced species become invasive before they can be managed. The ecology and physiology of the species in the invaded range have been studied in order to determine the processes underlying invasion success. However, a rising corpus of research highlighting insights derived from investigating invasion success as a biogeographic issue is highlighting the use of biogeographic techniques. Invaders have the ability to drastically alter the species composition and function of native ecosystems through competition, predation, and habitat disruption. Biological invasions have a significant economic impact on the world economy, with annual costs in the United States alone estimated at over $100 billion. Invasions occur when organisms are introduced outside of their native or historic range, either purposefully or unintentionally, and then spread effectively in their new surroundings. Exotic species, which include cattle, crops, and garden plants, are any species that isn't native to a specific location. Biological invaders are non-native creatures that spread outside of an ecosystem dominated by humans. The distinguishing characteristics of invasions, such as some marine species, plant species, and animals, are some remarkable instances. In addition, we document the biogeographic distribution of invasive species, as well as the diversity of species, habitats, and climate zones studied. A fact study and prediction analysis of key records and data related to our research aim were included in our research, which let us come to a decision on the obstacles, potential difficulties and future prospects of "Biogeography and Invasion Biology- A Theoretical Study."