Abstract
Biofunctionalization of biomaterials for nitric oxide delivery: potential applications in regenerative medicine Kai Jen Tsai,1,* Anna Rammou,1,* Chuanyu Gao,1 Achala de Mel1,2 1UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, UK; 2School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK *These authors contributed equally to this work Introduction: Mimicking physiological functions of nitric oxide (NO) has applications in regenerative medicine. However, few NO delivery systems have progressed to clinical trials owing to limitations in delivery. Materials and methods: A novel NO delivery system was explored by integrating S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine-functionalized long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons (LCAHs) into a polyurethane-based polymer. Results and discussion: Contact angle analysis determined the novel delivery system to be significantly more hydrophobic than control. Chemilluminscence showed a four-phase NO release profile of the delivery system with more stable and prolong NO release than control. Conclusion: LCAHs can optimize the duration and rate of NO delivery and present a viable option for use in surgical implants and biomedical applications. Keywords: nitric oxide, biofunctionalization, materials, aliphatic hydrocarbons
Highlights
Mimicking physiological functions of nitric oxide (NO) has applications in regenerative medicine
Solubilized DD–SNAP was purified from the reaction mixture using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in a custom-made silica column, and this separation was re-confirmed with Thin layer chromatography (TLC)
We have confirmed the functionalization and passive integration of this RSNOS– long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons (LCAHs) conjugate within a biocompatible polyurethane polymer
Summary
Mimicking physiological functions of nitric oxide (NO) has applications in regenerative medicine. Biomimetic materials are of interest to regenerative medicine endeavors as they present innovative solutions to repair or restore damaged or diseased organs.[1] In particular, there is an interest to develop materials mimicking endogenous nitric oxide (NO), given its vital role in influencing biological systems.[2] NO mainly acts via the Nitric oxide-souble guanylate cyclase-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO–sGC–cGMP) pathway to contribute to physiological homeostasis.[3] NO has potent antithrombogenic effects and stimulates endothelial cell proliferation, mobilization, and adhesion and inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation and adhesion.[4,5,6,19] NO shows great promise for applications in cardiovascular implants that can address the damage or the absence of an endothelium by restoring cardiovascular homeostasis.[7] Other functions of NO include neurotransmission, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties (Figure 1).[8,9,10,11]
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