Abstract
Degradation of lignin from lignocellulosic biomass plays a main key role in converting of lignocelluloses to bioethanol. The pretreatment of lignocelluloses is needed to enhance the fermentable sugars production from enzymatic hydrolysis. This research studied the effect of dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment on the ethanol production using alkaline-dilute acid pretreatment. This research used two stages of the pretreatment process. The first stage used NaOH solution with ratio of rice husk and NaOH solution (1:10 w/v). On the second stage, five concentrations of sulfuric acid of 1 to 5% at temperature of 121°C and various heating times (30–90 min) were investigated. The ethanol production from pretreated rice husk was conducted by the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) for various SSF times of 72-160 hr. The experimental results indicated that an increase in concentration of sulfuric acid capable to destroy the lignocellulosic structure of rice husk. The highest value of cellulose content was achieved about 88.84 % for acid pretreated material at H 2 SO 4 concentration of 2% in 90 minutes. The lignin reduction ranged from 47.46% to 79.29%. The highest ethanol concentration obtained was 13.68 g/L for the SSF time of 120 hours and the sulfuric acid concentration of 3 %.
Highlights
The requirement of fossil fuel has increased significantly with the increasing of human population
The cellulose content of the pretreated rice husks ranged from 75.02% (3%, 30 min) to 88,84% (2%, 90 min) (Fig. 2)
The highest value of cellulose content was achieved about 88.84 % for material acid pretreated at the H2SO4 concentration of 2% and 90 minutes acid pretreatment time
Summary
The requirement of fossil fuel has increased significantly with the increasing of human population. The huge resources of biomass the attention of bioenergy research are the lignocellulosic biomass which is highly suitable for energy uses. This is due to its great-scale accessibility, small production fee, and small impact to environment. Utilization of plentiful lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol as liquid fuels provides a feasible possibility to cultivate energy security and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. Regarding the source and the structure, the biomass can be categorized in several groups, with the most essential being: farmed residues (comprising agroindustrial solid wastes), hardwood, softwood, herbaceous biomass, next to cellulosic waste and municipal solid waste [1]. Softwood and hardwood comprise a higher of cellulose content, whereas the hemicellulose percentage of agricultural residues and herbaceous biomass is higher. The lignin content of softwood is higher compared to hardwood
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