Biodeterioration And Conservation Status OfMarble Monuments On Crimea

Abstract

Crimean ancient Greek colonies a periphery of antique world are, nevertheless, the integral part of the culture of that period /Minns,1913; Reinach,lS97; Sokolov,1973/. The first Hellenic colonies on the Northern coast of the Black sea were founded in YIIYI B.C. In the words of the famous orator Cicero,they were like a border sewn on the vast expanse of barbarian lands. Stretching along the coast, they never penetrated far inland. The territory of Western and Southern Crimea, adjacent to the sea, belonged to the Chersonesus State. The town Chersonesus of the Tauride (422-421 B.C.),(Greek for peninsula) that was the last Hellenic colony in Crimea, and also earlier settlments : Kalos Limen (IY B.C.) and Kerkinitida (YI B.C.) were the centres of Chersonesus country. The Eastern coast of Crimea was the part of Bosporian Kingdom, which united ancient cities on both sides of contemporary Kerch strait. These settlements appeared in YI B.C. as independent and then, in 480 B.C. they united. Pantykapea was the centre of antique Bosporian Kingdom and situated on low-lying terraces, on slopes and the top of mountain Mythridad, (now Kerch). Fig. 1.