Abstract
Bone repair or regeneration is a common and complicated clinical problem in orthopedic surgery. The importance of natural polymers, such as microcrystalline chitosan, and minerals such as HAp and β-TCP, has grown significantly over the last two decades due to their renewable and biodegradable source, increasing the knowledge and functionality of composites in technological and biomedical applications. This study compares the biodegradation process, bioactivity, structure, morphology, and mechanical properties of microcrystalline chitosan and microcrystalline chitosan/β-TCP complex; the latter according to the new method of preparation. The complex showed a homogeneous network structure with regular pores, good bioactivity, even after 60 days of conducting the hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation process, showing a bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity. The complex indicates that it could be used successfully as a base for implants and scaffolds production in orthopedic surgery.
Highlights
Recent developments in the area of artificial bone materials involve ceramics, which are bio-inert such as alumina and zirconia, resorbable like a tri-calcium phosphate, and bioactive like a hydroxyapatite
This study compares the hydrolytic and enzymatic biodegradation, bioactivity, structure and mechanical properties in sponge form of microcrystalline chitosan and microcrystalline chitosan/β-TCP complex composites, the latter in accordance with earlier investigations of the formulation and methods to prepare a new complex as described in Polish Patent Application in 2010 and 2011 [22,23,24], which could be potentially useful in the field of bone tissue engineering
The assessment of hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation process of the SMC and SMC-TCP in sponge form, was estimated in the course of the degradation: pH, percentage of mass loss of the samples and concentration of aminosugars
Summary
Recent developments in the area of artificial bone materials involve ceramics, which are bio-inert such as alumina and zirconia, resorbable like a tri-calcium phosphate, and bioactive like a hydroxyapatite. Ceramic applications in hard tissue regeneration and replacement are well documented in the literature in the fields of their applications such as replacements of hips, knees, teeth, tendons, and ligaments and repair for periodontal disease, maxillofacial reconstruction, augmentation and stabilization of the jaw bone, spinal fusion, and bone repair after tumor surgery [1,2,3] Polysaccharides, such as chitosan and its derivatives like microcrystalline chitosan (MCCh), have some excellent properties for medical applications: non-toxicity (monomer residues are not harmful to health); water solubility or high swelling ability after simple chemical modification; stability to pH variations; biocompatibility; antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity; high adhesiveness; and extensive chemical reactivity. This study compares the hydrolytic and enzymatic biodegradation, bioactivity, structure and mechanical properties in sponge form of microcrystalline chitosan and microcrystalline chitosan/β-TCP complex composites, the latter in accordance with earlier investigations of the formulation and methods to prepare a new complex as described in Polish Patent Application in 2010 and 2011 [22,23,24], which could be potentially useful in the field of bone tissue engineering
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