Abstract
The skeletal system in the human body is very important, provides support and gives shape to the body and provides a network between all soft tissues. The most common problems in hard tissues are bone fractures, defects or diseases which needed to be treated. The developments in artificial bone area seem to solve most of the hard tissue problems, on the other hand artificial bones themselves may cause other problems and in many cases they do not have sufficient mechanical properties and/or good biocompatibility. The importance of chitosan and its derivatives like microcrystalline chitosan has grown significantly over the last two decades due to its renewable and biodegradable source, and also because of the increase in the knowledge of its functionality in the technological and biomedical applications. The excellent biocompability, biofunctionality, and non-antigenic property make the chitosan and its derivatives as a microcrystalline chitosan an ideal material for tissue regeneration. To improve the suitability of chitosan for bone tissue engineering, the composites of MCCh and hydroxyapatite were studied. In the present work the characterization of the MCCh and composites with HAp in form of films and sponges, is based on physico-chemical tests, morphology, structure, particle size of HAp powder and distribution in the polymer matrix. The compositions with film and sponge shape are derived from the junction of two different materials, containing organic and inorganic substances. All sponge preparations, with HAp/MCCh have a well-shaped 3-dimensional structure, which could be used as implants in orthopedic surgery for a scaffolds base for medical applications.
Highlights
Millions of people are suffering from bone disease arising from trauma, tumor, bone fractures or defects making a massive pressure in all heart systems in all countries and some patients are dying due to insufficient of ideal bone substitute or treatment
Materials have shown the chemical characteristics of the initial chitosan and the microcrystalline chitosan (MCCh), used in this research
The results have shown a high reduction in the ash content in the MCCh and a high improvement in the water retention value, explained by the inner surface formation related with the amorphous part
Summary
Millions of people are suffering from bone disease arising from trauma, tumor, bone fractures or defects making a massive pressure in all heart systems in all countries and some patients are dying due to insufficient of ideal bone substitute or treatment.Much attention has been given to use chitosan in biomedical applications, for example, formation in tissue regenerative therapy. Polyaminosaccharides, especially chitosan (poly(B-(1,4)-2-amino-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopiranose)) and its derivatives, are characterized by excellent biostimulation properties which facilitate reconstruction and vascularrization of damaged tissues, compensate the shortcomings of cells components, which are conductive for small scar forming [2] [3]. This cationic property is the basis of many potential applications of chitosan that can be considered as a linear polyelectrolyte with a high charge density which can interact with negative charged surfaces, like proteins and anionic polysaccharides [4]. One of the most important parameters to determine the chitosan is the degree of acetylation and the molecular weight, and this characteristic is directly related to the hydrogen bonding existing in this biopolymer, affecting its structure, solubility, reactivity and the viscosity [6]
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