Abstract
Titanium (Ti) alloys often find their way in orthopaedic applications owing to their superior mechanical properties, biocompatibility, corrosion resistance and low Young’s modulus. Nano/sub-micron grain structured commercially pure titanium (CP Ti), Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-64) and Ti-34Nb-25Zr (TNZ) alloys were fabricated via mechanical alloying (MA) of elemental powders followed by spark-plasma sintering (SPS). The powders were milled at 500rpm for 5h and sintered at a temperature of 1200°C, heating rate of 100°C/min, dwelling time of 10min and a pressure of 50MPa. The sintered samples were metallographically prepared to a mirror finish surface in 5:2 ratio of colloidal silica and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) mixture. Biocompatibility tests were conducted by water soluble tetrazolium and 1-methoxy phenazinium methylsufate (WST-1 PMS) with sarcoma osteogenetic-2 (SaOS-2) human cell line. High cell proliferation on Ti and Ti-64 was observed after 1 and 4 days of incubation. After 7 days, proliferation on Ti-64 was the highest followed by Ti. However, TNZ alloy have less cell proliferation through the entire period of incubation.Fibronectin adsorption is less for Ti and TNZ compared to and Ti-64. In decreasing order albumin adsorption was highest on Ti than TNZ alloy followed by less adsorption on Ti-64. Surface wettability of Ti and Ti-64 showed a high contact angle of between 93-98° compared to 86° TNZ alloy. The surface wettability results correlated well to less fibronectin adsorption on Ti-34Nb-25Zr alloy and highest for Ti-6Al-4V. The Ti-34Nb-25Zr showed less cell proliferation which is believed to be linked with fibronectin adsorption results.
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