Biochemical and molecular-genetic markers of adaptability and quality of genotypes in cultural and wild cereal plants

V V Moskalets,A T Martyniuk,M M Kliuchevych,V V Liubych,I M Pushka,T Z Moskalets,V I Nevlad,A O Sliusarenko,A H Vovkohon,O S Pushka

doi:10.15421/2019_812

Abstract

We proved that plants A. cylindrica, T. spelta, T. turgidum, T. sphaerococcum, T. vavilovii, T. persicum, T. araraticum, T. aestivum var. barbarossa, and T. aestivum var. ferrugineum, owning high drought resistance, have a stable high productive potential and quality indicators of grain (protein, gluten, dietary fiber content), that allows use them in the production of products functional purpose (bakery, confectionery, sour-dairy products, including yoghurts, and dessert cheese). Implementation mechanisms are disclosed adaptive potential plants of cultural and wild cereals by biochemical (protein content, gluten, starch in seeds, the presence of gliadin proteins (Glі-1В1, Glі-6D2, Glі-6D3, Glі-6В2), molecular-genetic markers (allele genes of drought resistance – Dreb А1, Dreb В1, Dreb D1; glutenins Glu-D1) and morphological-ontogenetic criteria. For the first time for successful address introduction cultural and wild cereal plants suggested by the criteria of mechanisms drought resistance to rank plants by potential ecological valence regarding the unfavorable hydrothermal regime. Differentiation of genotypes based on elements of plant strategies: features of their ontogeny, morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical parameters, biochemical and molecular-genetic markers. In this connection, genotypes of cultural and wild cereal plants in conditions in sіtu by sensitivity on the effect of hydrothermal stress are divided into xerophytic, mesophytic and intermediate – xerophytic-mesophytic types of development. That's it ranking underlying on the principles of autecological approach, manifestation of a multi-level system of answers plant organisms at different levels of integration, as adaptive reactions. In particular, mechanisms such as: functional stability (stipulated structural and functional features of plants), morphological tolerance (the ability of plants to resist damage without reducing performance), ontogenetic evasion (stability due to features ontogenetic development), ecological plasticity of the organism and plant populations as a whole. The obtained results of the biochemical and molecular genetic markers of adaptability and quality indicators of genotypes cultural (wheat, triticale, rye) and wild cereals (A. cylindrica, T. spelta, T. turgidum and others) are important in breeding and successive targeted use in the food industry are given.

Highlights

Global climate change, that in the last decades are observed on our planet and in particular in Ukraine, need qualitatively new approaches to the formation of adaptive potential plants of cultivated species (Moskalets et al, 2016; Qaseem et al, 2018)
The identification of low-gliadin proteins were performed by electrophoresis polyacrylamide gel (Popierielia, 1989; Osterman, 2002) in collaboration with the Рlant Production Institute nd. a
The study used gene primers Dreb 1: P21F/P21R, R25F/PR, P22F/PR, R18F/R18R, R20F/P20R according to Wei et al (2009), gene Glu-D1: UMN25F/UMN25R to Liu et al (2008)

Summary

Introduction

That in the last decades are observed on our planet and in particular in Ukraine, need qualitatively new approaches to the formation of adaptive potential plants of cultivated species (Moskalets et al, 2016; Qaseem et al, 2018). There are more than 100 UNО organizations and structures are engaged problems of the drought, their estimation and forecasting (Intergovernmental Panel ..., 2014; Morgounov et al, 2014) They are observed in different climatic zones and cause huge losses. To conditions of soil drought plant organisms made a number of adaptations, detectable at different stages of their ontogeny (Thabet et al, 2018). Research and identify these adaptation are important criteria in selection valuable source material and the creation of new plant forms. With increasing genetic potential productivity new varieties reduced the level of their adaptation to certain conditions, tapering

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Conclusion