BIM framework to minimize embodied energy in heritage buildings: old downtown Amman case studies

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PurposeThis paper aims to develop an integrated Building Information Modeling (BIM) framework to minimize embodied energy (EE) in heritage buildings. Focusing on Darat al Funun and the Chief British Representative’s Building (CBR) in Old Downtown Amman, the study addresses the critical need for a comprehensive lifecycle energy evaluation of building materials in heritage structures. Recognizing EE’s significant role in the sustainability of heritage buildings, the framework systematically incorporates the principles of ISO 14040 to assess and reduce EE, ensuring methodological accuracy and enhancing the preservation and energy efficiency of these culturally significant structures.Design/methodology/approachThe research employs a multi-step approach grounded in ISO 14040 principles to ensure methodological rigor in lifecycle analysis. It integrates BIM with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), utilizing Extraction, Transformation, and Loading (ETL) technologies for data interoperability. Detailed models of Darat al Funun and the CBR buildings are developed using Autodesk Revit. Spatial ETL via the Feature Manipulation Engine (FME) integrates diverse data sources. The Google Maps API facilitates mapping and visualization, while Power Pivot conducts advanced data analysis, evaluating EE across building materials’ lifecycles in alignment with ISO 14040 standards.FindingsApplying the prototype to Darat al Funun and CBR buildings assesses EE parameters. Results demonstrate that using local materials effectively reduces EE. The study underscores the impacts of transportation, capacity utilization and material lifespan in EE assessment. The framework integrates BIM for comprehensive energy evaluations, advocates eco-efficient materials and supports sustainable supply chain practices.Originality/valueThis study innovates by applying BIM to minimize EE in heritage buildings, an often-neglected area in prior research. Unlike earlier works that integrated BIM with LCA, this research uniquely tailors the integration to address heritage buildings’ specific challenges – preservation, energy conservation and structural integrity. Incorporating criteria such as historical value, material conservation and site-specific energy patterns, the study adapts modern tools for sustainable heritage conservation. This nuanced approach contributes novel insights to BIM and enhances sustainability in heritage building practices, emphasizing EE’s crucial role in preserving cultural heritage.