Abstract
As the world strives to decarbonize, the effective use of renewable energy has become an important issue, and P2P power trading is expected to unlock the value of renewable energy and encourage its adoption by enabling power trading based on user needs and user assets. In this study, we constructed a bidding agent that optimizes bids based on electricity demand and generation forecasts, user preferences for renewable energy (renewable energy-oriented or economically oriented), and owned assets in a P2P electricity trading market, and automatically performs electricity trading. The agent algorithm was used to evaluate the differences in trading content between different asset holdings and preferences by performing power sharing in a real scale environment. The demonstration experiments show that: EV-owning and economy-oriented users can trade more favorably in the market with a lower average execution price than non-EV-owning users; forecasting enables economy-enhancing moves to store nighttime electricity in batteries in advance in anticipation of future power generation and market prices; EV-owning and renewable energy-oriented users can trade more favorably in the market with other users. EV-owning and renewable energy-oriented users can achieve higher RE ratios at a cost of about +1 yen/kWh compared to other users. By actually issuing charging and discharging commands to the EV and controlling the charging and discharging, the agent can control the actual use of electricity according to the user’s preferences.
Highlights
The European Union (EU) has set a goal to increase the share of renewable energy to at least 32% by 2030 and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 40% compared to 1990 levels [1,2]
In order to increase the proportion of power sources that are decentralized and whose output is affected by weather conditions, such as renewable energy, a mechanism is needed to ensure that supply and demand are coordinated to make effective use of renewable energy
This study shows that this agent system and the P2P electricity market mechanism enable the effective use of electricity through the use of assets such as electric vehicles, while taking into account users’ costs and preferences regarding renewable energy
Summary
The current electricity network is undergoing a major transformation with the introduction of renewable energy. As a result, when power generation is low and the price of electricity is high, consumers are expected to move their use of electricity to other times of the day or discharge electricity from storage batteries, and when the price is low, they are expected to store electricity or run heat pumps. Through these actions, the uncertainty of renewable energy generation is expected to be absorbed by the demand side by shifting their own demand as much as possible through prices and by using storage facilities. This will contribute to improving the balance of supply and demand, not at the micro level of frequency adjustment, but at the macro level of shifting demand and storing electricity
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