Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the beverage quality of Coffea canephora genotypes in different environments of the western Amazon to assist plant selection and new cultivar development. To analyze beverage quality, samples of cherry coffee beans were collected separately for each genotype from clonal competition trials installed in the municipalities of Ouro Preto do Oeste, Alta Floresta do Oeste, Porto Velho, and Ariquemes in Rondônia State and Rio Branco in Acre State (Brazil). The beverage quality was assessed using the Robusta Cupping Protocol, which attribute to each genotype a score in a range from 0 to 100, highlighting nuances. Analysis of variance and principal components using reference points were used to quantify genotype x environment interaction (G x E). The analysis of variance indicated that genotypic and G x E interaction effects were significant (p < 0.01). By using a centroid dispersion method, we could identify four clones of low, eight of specific (to favorable or unfavorable environments), and seven of broad adaptability to the environments. The clones BRS 2314, 11, and 17 had average quality scores above 80 in all environments, with potential for specialty coffee production. The clones BRS 1216, BRS 3220, and BRS 3193 presented unstable behavior, with beans of higher quality in some of the evaluated environments. Such inconsistency in clone behavior is caused by unpredictable changes in plant performance in different environments. Our results indicate that both genotypic (clones) and G x E interaction effects are important for the expression of coffee beverage quality. However, the clones BRS 3213, BRS 3210, and BRS 2299 had less prominent nuances, with lower potential for specialty coffee production.
Highlights
Beverage quality characterization is a routine activity performed in breeding programs for scientific and commercial purposes (Aguiar, Fazuoli, Salva, & Favarin, 2005; Pereira et al, 2017; Souza et al, 2018)
Differences in drink quality between Conilon and Robusta are expressed in hybrid plants, which may have characteristics of both botanical varieties (Aguiar et al, 2005; Oliveira et al, 2018; Spinelli et al, 2018)
Mori et al (2018) performed a sensory description of beverages of conilon coffee produced in Espírito Santo and observed that the cultivars Diamante 8112 and Centenária 8132 (Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento [MAPA], 2019) had superior quality according to the traditional criteria
Summary
Beverage quality characterization is a routine activity performed in breeding programs for scientific and commercial purposes (Aguiar, Fazuoli, Salva, & Favarin, 2005; Pereira et al, 2017; Souza et al, 2018). The species C. canephora has two distinct botanical varieties, Conilon and Robusta, which are commercially cultivated and have different beverage quality traits (Davis, Tosh, Ruch, & Fay, 2011). Differences in drink quality between Conilon and Robusta are expressed in hybrid plants, which may have characteristics of both botanical varieties (Aguiar et al, 2005; Oliveira et al, 2018; Spinelli et al, 2018). In the same line, Mori et al (2018) performed a sensory description of beverages of conilon coffee produced in Espírito Santo and observed that the cultivars Diamante 8112 and Centenária 8132 (Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento [MAPA], 2019) had superior quality according to the traditional criteria
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