Abstract
Most of the Western Amazon coffee production is made from growing unregistered clones, selected by the coffee growers themselves. The aim of this study is to evaluate the sensory profile and genetic diversity of the most cultivated Coffea canephora clones in the Western Amazon. Coffee samples at cherry stage of the clones 03, 05, 08, 25 and 66 were collected at eight municipalities in the main coffee growing zones, with altitudes ranging from 86 to 381 meters. Beverage quality was evaluated according to the Robusta Cupping Protocols and estimates of the genotype × environment interaction (GE)were made interpreting non-parametric and multivariate methods. The GE interaction was significant and the genetic component was also important to the expression of beverage quality (h2=82,23). The clones 25 and 05 have good attributes and mean score near 80 points. Sweetness was the sensory descriptor with the greatest impact on beverage quality of these two clones. Harshness was the descriptor that had the greatest negative impact on beveragequality of clone 66. The clones had complexities that differed and that were not necessarily associated with greater beverage quality. Despite the differences in their beverage attributes, these clones that are grown for their high productivity presented low genetic diversity of the beverage quality. Key words: Fine robusta coffee; sensory analysis; genetic parameters.
Highlights
Brazil is the second largest coffee producer of the species Coffea canephora with production of 14.3 million bags (60 kg) of hulled coffee (Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento – CONAB, 2019)
The environments of Alto Paraíso, Nova Brasilândia, Ouro Preto do Oeste, Porto Velho, and Rolim de Moura positively contributed to an increase in beverage quality, while Alto Alegre dos Parecis, São Miguel do Guaporé and Cacoal had a negative environmental effect on the quality score (Table 3)
The clones of better beverage quality in these environments did not have the same performance in other locations. This inconsistency in the clones behavior is caused by the unpredictable change in the plant performance grown in different environments. These results indicate that both the effects of genotypes and the effect of the GxE interaction are important for the expression of the beverage quality
Summary
Brazil is the second largest coffee producer of the species Coffea canephora with production of 14.3 million bags (60 kg) of hulled coffee (Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento – CONAB, 2019). The Western Amazon, composed of the States of Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia and Roraima, represents 42.97% of the Brazilian Amazon territorial extension (Superintendência da Zona Franca de Manaus – SUFRAMA, 2017). In this region coffee of the species C. canephora is produced, especially in Rondônia, which produces 2.3 million bags, equivalent to 90% of the region’s coffee (CONAB, 2019). While the Conilon botanical variety has a predominance of neutral, less full-bodied beverages, the Robusta botanical variety is distinguished by exotic nuances identified as fruity, chocolate and almonds (Souza et al, 2018a) Hybridization between these two varieties occurs naturally in the field, producing genotypes that can exhibit the best traits of each one of the groups (Ramalho et al, 2016; Dalcomo et al, 2015)
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