Abstract
Smart structures are defined as structures that able to adapt and maintain structural characteristics in dealing with changes of external disturbance, environment and unexpected severe loadings. This ability will lead to improve structural safety, serviceability and structural life extension. Shape memory alloys is one of the smart materials which has potential to be integrated in structural system to provide functions such as sensing, actuation, self-adapting and healing of the structures. The unique characteristic of shape memory alloys material is the ability to ‘remember’ its original shape after deformation. Nickel Titanium superelastic shape memory alloy wire is popular and widely used in many engineering fields and owned fully recovery of maximum strain of 6%-13.5% which is among the best shape recovery limit in alloy materials. The austenite finish temperature plays important role in stress-strain behaviour of superelastic shape memory alloys where higher stress required to complete martensite transformation with the increase of austenite finish temperature. The similar behaviour also is observed in the case of higher strain rate. The behaviour of superelastic shape memory alloys need to be studied before implementing in the structural system, so the targeted improvement for the structural system can be achieved.
Highlights
In civil engineering, researchers and engineers are actively studied on developing structural system which has ability to adapt with change in structural characteristics in response to variation of external loadings and environmental effects
The superelasticity behaviour of Shape https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820306005 memory alloy (SMA) can be observed in condition where the material temperature is higher than austenite start(As) temperature, for fully recovery without residual deformation, the material temperature should to be higher than austenite finish (Af) temperature but below the martensite desist (Md) temperature [2]
S1 to S3 wires are considered as superelastic (SE) behaviour as the Austenite Finish (Af) temperature is lower than testing temperature (Af < T)
Summary
Researchers and engineers are actively studied on developing structural system which has ability to adapt with change in structural characteristics in response to variation of external loadings and environmental effects. It is necessary for the structural system to maintain its design performance against unexpected disturbance plus todays structures just meeting the need for functionality but there the demand for slender and wide spanned structures [1]. The superelasticity behaviour of SMA can be observed in condition where the material temperature is higher than austenite start(As) temperature, for fully recovery without residual deformation, the material temperature should to be higher than austenite finish (Af) temperature but below the martensite desist (Md) temperature [2]. The variation of Af temperatures will lead to changes in hysteresis after subjected to loading and unloading mechanism
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