Batteries – Environmental | End of life of electric vehicle batteries—Second life or recycling

Abstract

Batteries reaching around 70–80% of their actual state of Health (SOH) are considered as End of life (EoL) batteries. These batteries are a real challenge to deal with as either they need to be reused (second life) or recycled. As there is no one-size-fits-all answer, it is found that both solutions are viable by taking into consideration points such as EoL battery condition, second-life application, energy requirement in the application, technological advancement, and availability of infrastructure of the region. The suggested optimal solution is to extend the life of EoL batteries with the second use and then recycle them.