Band gap narrowing of TiO 2 by nitrogen doping in atmospheric microwave plasma

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Nitrogen (N)-doped titanium dioxide (TiO 2) particles of nanometric size are directly synthesized in an atmospheric microwave plasma-torch using gas-phase titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4). The absorption edge of the TiO 2 − x N x powders shifts from 365 to 500 nm in UV–visible spectrum, as the content x of nitrogen in titanium dioxide powders increases from x = zero. From the results of the XRD, XPS, and UV–visible data, incorporation of N into the O site of TiO 2 was enhanced in a mixture of N 2 and O 2 by an atmospheric microwave plasma torch, contributing to the band gap narrowing.