Abstract
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is an invasive species originating from Southeastern Asia and spreads in a fast manner. It is among major threats in soft-shell fruit cultivation in the whole world. It was detected in 2014 in Turkey. According to international criteria, it is considered that it has the potential of threatening the fruit cultivation in Turkey where garden plants are grown widely. In this study, a total of 39 bacterial strains were isolated from 100 mature Drosophila suzukii individuals. Gram staining characteristics, catalase, oxidase and nitrate reductase activities and chitinase enzyme activities and hypersensitivity reaction of these strains were determined by using microscopical and visual inspection. The bacterial strains were identified according to their fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) analysis by using Sherlock Microbial Identification System (MIS). The identification test results of the bacterial strains were also confirmed by phylogenetic analysis and their closely related species based on the 16S rRNA sequence. The most abundant bacterial species were Paenibacillus alvei (31.57%) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (47.36%) according to the MIS and 16S rRNA sequence analysis results, respectively. According to the MIS results, a total of 6 strains identified as Paenibacillus alvei were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens according to the 16S rRNA sequence analysis results. A total of three Paenibacillus macerans strains identified in MIS system were also identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens according to the 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Morphological and biochemical characteristics results of all of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains showed the some results. According to the 16S rRNA sequence analysis results, the other bacterial strains consist of 1 Bacillus atrophaeus (5.2%), 1 Bacillus safensis (5.2%), 1 Paenibacillus motobuensis (5.2%) and 1 Staphylococcus epidermidis (5.2%) strains. To our knowledge, this is the first study characterizing the bacterial communities of Drosophila suzukii.
Highlights
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), an indigenous species to the continent of Asia, was first reported outside this continent in 1980 in Hawaiian Islands of the North America [1]
In the field study in which European Drosophilidae species were recorded, D. suzukii emerged as a predominant Drosophilidae species in the highlands where it habitates
The present study aims to determine the microflora of D. suzukii which continues to spread rapidly and cause economic losses
Summary
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), an indigenous species to the continent of Asia, was first reported outside this continent in 1980 in Hawaiian Islands of the North America [1]. In the field study in which European Drosophilidae species were recorded, D. suzukii emerged as a predominant Drosophilidae species in the highlands where it habitates. From this date on, the first records in Italy [6], France [7], Switzerland [8], Slovenia [9], Croatia [10], Austria [11], United Kingdom, Portugal [12], Germany [13], Belgium [14], Hungary [15], Serbia [16], Bosnia and Herzegovina [17], Bulgaria [18], Greece (Crete Island) [19], Poland [20] and Japan [21] were reported. It is estimated that these losses have affected 14% of all potential fruit production worldwide [25]
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