Bacterial Adhesion on Glass–Ionomer Cements and Micro/Nano Hybrid Composite Dental Surfaces

Klemen Bohinc,Olivera Dolić,Anže Abram,Davor Kovačević,Željka Kojić,Erna Tintor,Valentina Veselinović,Rajko Vidrih,Marija Obradović,Anamarija Zore

doi:10.3390/coatings11020235

Abstract

Dental restorations need to reproduce the aspect of the natural teeth of the patient, and must be non-toxic, biocompatible, and have good mechanical properties so that they can last for longer. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of bacterial adhesion of Streptococcus mutans on four different dental material surfaces, i.e., two glass–ionomer cements (Fuji conventional and Fuji hybrid) and two ceramic composites (Micro hybrid composite and Nano hybrid composite). To understand the bacterial adhesion on these four different dental materials, various surface properties were measured: roughness, contact angle, CIE color parameters and zeta potential. We found that the greatest adhesion extent was obtained for the Nano hybrid composite surface. The pronounced adhesion is the interplay between the relatively high roughness and hydrophilicity of the Nano hybrid composite surface. Color changes upon immersing ceramic composites in red wine and black tea proved that both beverages adhered to them. Black tea adhered more intensively than wine, and showed a higher inhibitory effect on the growth of Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus.

Highlights

Dental restorative materials are regarded as artificial predilection sites for the adherence and accumulation of oral microorganisms [1]
The roughness of dental surfaces was measured using the profilometer with a stylus that ran on the surface of a sample
We examined the impact of two glass–ionomer cements (Fuji conventional and Fuji hybrid) and two ceramic composites on bacterial adhesion

Summary

Introduction

Dental restorative materials are regarded as artificial predilection sites for the adherence and accumulation of oral microorganisms [1]. To prevent oral diseases (caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, peri-implantitis) dental materials with a low susceptibility to bacterial adhesion are preferable for the longevity of restorations [2,3]. A rough composite and glass–ionomer resin surface may increase bacterial biofilm accumulation. This may lead to an increased risk of caries and periodontal inflammation [4,5]. Several other previous studies [8,9,10] showed that dental plaque formation is smaller on hydrophobic materials such as amalgams and resins than on hydrophilic restorative materials such as porcelain and metals. Other studies [11,12,13] report greater plaque formation on hydrophobic materials and significantly lower adhesion to ceramics than to composite resin surfaces of polymeric origin or amalgams. It has been shown that the contact angle on a solid surface decreases as the surface becomes rougher [14,15]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion