Abstract
Plant viruses are mostly transmitted by sucking insects via their piercing behaviors, which may differ due to host plant species and their developmental stages. We characterized the transmission of a fijivirus, southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV), by the planthopper vector Sogatella furcifera Horváth (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), between rice and corn plants of varying developmental stages. SRBSDV was transmitted from infected rice to uninfected corn plants as efficiently as its transmission between rice plants, while was acquired by S. furcifera nymphs at a much lower rate from infected corn plants than from infected rice plants. We also recorded a high mortality of S. furcifera nymphs on corn plants. It is evident that young stages of both the virus donor and recipient plants added to the transmission efficiency of SRBSDV from rice to corn plants. Feeding behaviors of the vector recorded by electrical penetration graph showed that phloem sap ingestion, the behavioral event that is linked with plant virus acquisition, was impaired on corn plants, which accounts for the high mortality of and low virus acquisition by S. furcifera nymphs on corn plants. Our results reveal an asymmetric spread of SRBSDV between its two host plants and the underlying behavioral mechanism, which is of significance for assessing SRBSDV transmission risks and field epidemiology, and for developing integrated management approaches for SRBSDV disease.
Highlights
southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is a recently reported Fijivirus [1]
After acquiring SRBSDV from infected rice plants, S. furcifera inoculated the virus to corn plants at rates between 3.3%-55.6% (Fig 3)
The planthoppers that acquired SRBSDV from rice plants at three-leaf and tillering stages inoculated the virus to corn plants of different stages at higher rates (101/277; OR = 6.682; df = 1; Wald = 55.699; P < 0.001 for AAP on three-leaf and 114/265; OR = 8.833; df = 1; Wald = 73.273; P < 0.001 for AAP on tillering rice stage) than those insects that acquired the virus from booting stage rice plants (23/ 276; Fig 3B)
Summary
SRBSDV is a recently reported Fijivirus [1]. The white-backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera Horváth, is the only known vector and transmits SRBSDV in a persistent propagative manner [2]. SRBSDV devastated rice crop in south China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam and corn crop in China and Vietnam [1,3,4,5]. The latent periods of SRBSDV in S. furcifera varies from 6 to 14 d and the minimum virus acquisition and inoculation access periods are 5 and 30 min, respectively [2]. Rice plants infected by SRBSDV present stunting and dark. PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0165014 October 19, 2016
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