Abstract
ObjectiveTo comprehensively summarize the evidence on the associations of dietary copper, selenium, and manganese intake with depression based on a meta-analysis of observational studies.MethodsThe electronic database of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched up to January 7, 2022, for observational studies on the associations of dietary copper, selenium and manganese intake with depression (no restriction was set for the initiate time). The pooled relative risk (RR) of depression for the highest vs. lowest dietary copper, selenium, and manganese intake category were calculated.ResultsA total of 11 observational studies (61,430 participants) were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. Specifically, five studies were related to the dietary copper intake. The overall multi-variable adjusted RR demonstrated that dietary copper intake was inversely associated with depression (RR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.52–0.76; P < 0.001; I2 = 2.4%). With regard to the dietary selenium intake, six studies were identified for meta-analysis. The overall multi-variable adjusted RR showed that dietary selenium intake was also negatively associated with depression (RR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.54–0.74; P < 0.001; I2 = 37.8%). In addition, four studies were specified for the dietary manganese intake, and the overall multi-variable adjusted RR indicated a negative relationship between dietary manganese intake and depression (RR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.58–0.86; P < 0.001; I2 = 0.0%).ConclusionsOur results suggest a negative relationship between dietary copper, selenium and manganese intake and depression, respectively. However, due to the limited prospective evidence, our results are restricted to cross-sectional design that precludes causal relationships. More well-designed prospective cohort studies are still needed.
Highlights
Depression is one of the most common global mental disorders [1], which usually presents as exhaustion, sadness, and lack of interest in daily activities [2]
The electronic database of PubMed, Web of Science and Embase were searched up to January 7, 2022 by using a combination of keywords that related to depression (“depression,” “depressive”), copper (“copper”), selenium (“selenium”), and manganese (“manganese”)
The pathophysiology of depression is involved in oxidative stress, whereas copper, selenium, and manganese are served as important antioxidants that act against oxidative stress
Summary
Depression is one of the most common global mental disorders (affecting females twice as much as males) [1], which usually presents as exhaustion, sadness, and lack of interest in daily activities [2]. Micronutrients are important factors for cellular biochemical functions. Copper plays a significant role in signaling involving mitophagy, bioenergetics, and dynamics and mitochondrial function, which determine cellular fate by metabolic reprogramming [9]. Selenium is severed as an essential micronutrient that maintain the different cellular functions, such as immuneendocrine function and signaling transduction pathways [10]. As another essential nutrient for the body, manganese is an important component of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, SOD-2), which is the primary antioxidant enzyme that protects cells from oxidative stress (catalyze the dismutation of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen in the mitochondria) [12]. Since the oxidative stress is considered to play a significant role in the pathophysiology of depression [13, 14], the dietary copper, selenium, and manganese intake is considered to be beneficial to depression
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