Situation and trends in dietary minerals intakes of adults aged 18-35 years in 15 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) of China in 1989-2018

Abstract

To analyze the current situation and long term trends in minerals intakes from 1989 to 2018 in adults aged 18 to 35 years in 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) of China. Based on the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1989 to 2018. Adults aged 18 to 35 were selected as study subjects. According to the dietary survey result of 3-day 24-hour dietary review method and weighing accounting method, the mineral intake was calculated and analyzed. Nonparametric statistical method was used to analyze the trend of dietary minerals intake with years. Comparing the dietary minerals intake with the dietary reference intakes, the trend of the proportion of people at risk of insufficient dietary minerals intake was analyzed by Cochran-Armitage trend test. According to the different demographic characteristics in 2018, the minerals intake status and the proportion of people with insufficient dietary minerals intake were analyzed. In 2018, the median intakes of dietary minerals of adults were 302.96 mg/d of calcium, 887.91 mg/d of phosphorus, 1451.69 mg/d of potassium, 3760.09 mg/d of sodium, 238.50 mg/d of magnesium, 19.40 mg/d of iron, 9.91 mg/d of zinc, 43.54 μg/d of selenium, 1.41 mg/d of copper and 4.59 mg/d of manganese, respectively, with significant gender differences(P<0.05). The intakes of dietary calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, selenium and copper in urban areas were significantly higher than those in rural areas(Z values were 3.00, 2.04 and 3.10, respectively, P<0.05). The dietary intakes of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, selenium and copper showed significant differences among regions, education levels and income levels. From 1989 to 2018, the dietary mineral intake of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper and manganese of adults aged 18-35 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) of China showed a downward trend, only selenium intake showed an upward trend, and the intake of men was higher than that of women. The proportion of people at risk of inadequate intake of dietary phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper showed an increasing trend year by year. In each survey year, the proportion of people at risk of insufficient calcium intake was more than 90%. From 1989 to 2018, there was a risk of insufficient intake of minerals in adults aged 18-35 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) in China, and the problem of inadequate calcium intake was serious.