Abstract
Objective: To determine the effect of family smoking habits on adolescent smoking experience for information for anti-smoking strategies. Subjects and Methods: We analyzed data from 4776 junior high school students and 5047 high school students responding to the “Survey on Prevention of Life-Style Related Diseases of Children” conducted in Nara Prefecture of Japan in 2004. The chi-square test determined the odds ratios (ORs) for smoking experience rates of the two groups of students according to the smoking habits of their fathers, mothers, older brothers, and older sisters. Logistic regression analysis was also performed for smoking experience according to school year, sex, and family smoking habit. Results: The OR for smoking in junior high school students with a father as the only smoking family member against all other cases was 0.60, and the OR with a mother as the only smoking family member was 2.50. The OR with a smoking father against cases with no smoking family members was 1.23, and the OR with a smoking mother against cases with no smoking family members was 3.50. The OR for smoking in high school students with a father as the only smoking family member against all other cases was 0.76, and the OR with a mother as the only smoking family member was 2.66. The OR with a smoking father against cases with no smoking family members was 1.59, and the OR with a smoking mother against cases with no smoking family member was 3.26. All these ORs showed significance. Conclusion: Maternal smoking was associated with a particularly high risk of smoking experience in junior high and high school students. Prevention of maternal smoking should be given high priority to reduce smoking rates in adolescents.
Highlights
Adolescent smoking significantly affects health [1], and smoking is illegal in Japan under the age of 20 years [2]
Numerous studies have been conducted on the impact of parental smoking, which is recognized as an important external factor for adolescent smoking ([5] [10] [11])
Of 8913 junior high school and high school students in total, 1263 had smoking mothers, of whom 383 mothers were the only smokers in the family
Summary
Adolescent smoking significantly affects health [1], and smoking is illegal in Japan under the age of 20 years [2]. The rates of smoking experience in third-year high school students in Japan were reportedly 42.0% ± 0.7% for males and 27.0% ± 0.7% for females [5]. In order to achieve this, analysis of the factors contributing to adolescent smoking is necessary [7]. Those factors are largely divided into internal factors such as depression, anger, anxiety, and fatigue as set out by Whalem et al [8], and external factors such as academic success, socioeconomic status, family’s economic condition, parental habits, and peer habits as set out by Carvajal et al [9]. This study aimed to analyze the effects of maternal smoking on the risk of adolescent smoking to provide further information for anti-smoking strategies to prevent smoking in young people
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