A Longitudinal Study of Learning Engagement of Math and Science Gifted Students in Junior and Senior High School

Differences in stress levels between junior high school students and college students during online learning

Tobacco use is a major preventable cause of death in the world. This article describes and compares tobacco use prevalence for students attending junior high schools and senior high schools in Taiwan. This report uses data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) completed among 4689 junior high school students and 4426 senior high school students in Taiwan in 2004-2005. The GYTS uses a 2-stage sampling design to produce nationally representative data for junior and senior high students in general and vocational schools. Higher smoking prevalence was observed among senior high (10.1% general schools and 15.9% vocational schools) than junior high (5.5%) school students. Smoking prevalence of girls in junior high (3.2%) and senior high schools (4.6% general and 11.1% vocational) was almost as high or higher than adult females' (4.3%) smoking rates. The pattern of smoking intensity across school years and type of school shows that the percentage of smokers who were experimenters (47.1%) was higher in junior high school and the percentage of smokers who were regular/established smokers (over 50%) was higher in senior high school. Smoking prevalence described in this report shows that there are challenges facing the tobacco prevention and control program in Taiwan. The findings suggest that schools should increase their smoking initiation prevention efforts and make available cessation programs and counseling to help students quit smoking. If effective youth tobacco control programs are not developed and implemented in Taiwan, future morbidity and mortality attributed to tobacco will surely increase, especially among women.

Objective Due to the rapid development of the internet, its overuse and addiction among the younger population have increased. Several studies have reported a relationship between the prolonged usage hours of the internet and other media among junior and senior high school students and certain lifestyle habits, such as no breakfast, no exercise routine, lack of sleep, and mental health decline. There is a growing concern that the students' health could be affected due to over usage of the internet and other networking media. Therefore, we have examined the relationship between media usage time and self-rated health (SRH) of the junior and senior high school students.Methods We analyzed the data of the "Fukushima Citizens' Health and Lifestyle Survey" conducted on May 2016. The participants included in the survey were junior and senior high school students from Fukushima City. We randomly selected 1,633 students and conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey. Of the 1,589 respondents, survey data from 1,480 students (583 junior and 897 senior high school students) were used in the analysis. The analysis was performed in each junior and senior high school student, with SRH as the dependent variable, media usage time as the independent variable, and various lifestyle factors as the adjustment variables. Furthermore, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated.Results Fifty-two junior high school students (8.9%) and 123 senior high school students (13.7%) had poor SRH. Among the junior and senior high school students, those who used media for >3 h were more likely to have poor SRH, and the significant association was noted among high school students (OR; 2.30, 95% CI; 1.36-3.90). For both junior and senior high school students, the SRH was significantly associated with obesity, no exercise routine, and stress. Additionally, for the high school students, the SRH was significantly associated with late bedtime routine.Conclusion Our findings suggest that junior and high school students who overuse media are more likely to have a poor SRH.

ObjectivesPrioritizing adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) prevention over treatment is crucial, especially in countries like China where students are heavily focused on academics. Little research combines the educational characteristics of junior and senior high school students in China to explore factors contributing to AIS. Our aim was to investigate the correlation between performance indicators and potential AIS determine differences between junior and senior high school students.MethodWe conducted a general investigation of potential AIS-related indicators in students attending a comprehensive school in the Yunnan Province. In total, 264 junior high school students and 501 senior high school students were surveyed. Both subjective and objective performance indicators as well as additional factors, such as extracurricular activities and schoolbag-related factors, were considered. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were assessed, and all items pertaining to performance and other relevant factors were analyzed.ResultsThe proportion of senior high school students with a trunk rotation angle > 7° was higher than that of junior high school students (5.59% vs. 2.27%). Junior high school students were more affected by the weight of their schoolbags than senior high school students (35.98% vs. 27.74%). In contrast, senior high school students had more abnormal postures than junior high school students (28.03% vs. 38.32%). The frequency of extracurricular activities was significantly lower in senior high school students than in junior high school students, particularly among students with a trunk rotation angle of > 5° or > 7°. The questionnaire results indicated that the survey model was suitable. Significant correlations were found between schoolbag-related issues, growth-related concerns, abnormal posture, and abnormal lifestyle. Abnormal lifestyle was found to have a potential impact on abnormal sensations, whereas abnormal pain was influenced by abnormal posture, lifestyle, and sensation.ConclusionsOur questionnaire captured the distinct attributes of junior and senior high school students in a Chinese province regarding potential Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS). Junior high school students are more affected by schoolbag weight, while senior high school students exhibit more abnormal postures. The frequency of extracurricular activities shows an inverse relationship with both heavy schoolbag weight and abnormal postures. Increasing the frequency of extracurricular activities and addressing abnormal habits may help prevent the onset of AIS in students experiencing high levels of academic stress.

Under the new curriculum guidelines issued by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan, programming education will be expanded in junior high schools from 2021 and will become a compulsory subject in high schools from 2022. Therefore, junior high school and high school teachers need to plan their course contents for programming courses using information and communication technology. We have organized basic data science course for junior high and high school students with the aim of cooperating with them. In this project, the course is designed to provide students with the basic knowledge of data science, artificial intelligence and machine learning. In order to understand basic mechanisms of machine learning and importance of dataset quality, the course materials include not only hands-on AI practice using tool on a PC, but also hand calculations on handout. The results of the questionnaire show that more than 80% of the students were interested in our course, understood the importance of dataset quality, and became more familiar with data science, artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques.KeywordsBasic AI educationData scienceMachine learningJunior high schoolHigh school

The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Teenagers in China

The purpose of this study is to analyze students' psychological dispositions about student learning anxiety and happiness on the level of education. Elementary school, Junior high school and Senior High School students in the city of Cirebon were the subjects in this study. Mixed methods research with a sequential transformative strategy model was chosen to answer the problem of this research. Through a stratified random sampling technique, two types of research data were obtained; quantitative and qualitative data. Both of these data were analyzed by two data analysis techniques. Quantitative data analysis used is chi-square and contingency correlation, while qualitative data analysis uses triangulation of data sources. The results showed that there were differences in the level of mathematics anxiety and learning happiness of students at each level of education. Senior High School students have a high level of math anxiety when compared to elementary and Junior high school students. While in terms of happiness learn, students the elementary school is happier learning when compared to the other two types of students. This condition is also strengthened by the existence of a significant relationship between mathematics anxiety and happiness learn student with the level of education

This study deals with the comparative analysis of interlanguage errors made by Junior High School and Senior High School. The objective of this research is to identify the types of interlanguage errors made by the Junior High School and Senior High School. The similarities and the differences of interlanguage error made by Junior High School and Senior High School, and the extend do the native language and the target language influence the student interlanguage system. The data are students’ errors in writing. The erroneous sentences are taken from 40 pieces of the junior high school students’ writing, and 40 pieces of the senior high school students’ writing. The data analyzed qualitatively, especially in using Error analysis Framework. The results indicate that the interlanguage errors made by Junior High School and Senior High School have the similarities and differences. The similarities of interlanguage errors that found by researcher are: wrong spelling of word, the use of Indonesian word, and omission of bond morpheme‘s/es’ as the plural marker. The researcher found ‘the wrong spelling of word, the use of Indonesian word, and omission of bond morpheme ‘s/es as the plural marker” in Junior High School, in Senior High School composition. The differences of interlanguage error made by Junior High School and Senior High School as follow: the use of V-ing for past event in Junior High school, it is not found in Senior high school composition. The errors that found in Senior High School, such as: False friend, Additional apostrophe (’s) is not appropriate, Additional‘s’ as Singular Marker, Omission of preposition, The use of singular noun for plural noun, The use of subjective pronouns for objective pronouns, and Omission of Article (a,an,the) , these errors are not found in Junior High School composition. There are two influences in students’ English namely influenced by first language and influenced by target language; the most dominant influence in students’ interlanguage in Junior high school and Senior high school is influenced by the target language. It can be seen from the percentages of it, 85, 71% in Junior High School and 85, 71% in Senior High School composition.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation of age, gender, and sex-role identity to role expectation in same-sex friends (SSF). Role expectation in SSF consisted of ten categories (Wada, 1993): Cooperation, information, similarity, self-enhancement, sensitivity, companionship, authenticity, self-disclosure, respect, and interdependence. Subjects were 129 (67 male and 62 female) junior high school, 243 (118 male and 125 female) senior high school, and 168 (88 male and 80 female) college students. Major findings were as follows: Senior high school and undergraduate students expected more self-enhancement from SSF than junior high students. Junior and senior high school students expected more companionship than undergraduates. Undergraduates expected more authenticity and less self-disclosure than junior high school students. And male students expected more companionship, information, and similarity, but less self-disclosure, self-enhancement, and respect from SSF than female. Clear results of the relationship between sex-role identity and role expectation in SSF weren't found.

Background: The iron supplementation program is implemented in many countries for improving the iron status. However, this program is not always successfully reducing the prevalence of anemia due to the various factors.Objective: To determine the success factors of iron supplementation program at the female school students. Method: The program of iron supplementation at the school was run by the Health Office of Bekasi City. The pre-post design study was applied among junior and senior high school female students. The variables collected were age, health status, menstrual pattern, hand washing habit, body mass index, capsule compliance, and food consumption. The hemoglobin (Hb) was measured by cyanmethemoglobin method. The logistic regression was applied to analyses the determinant factors.Results: The prevalence of anemia among female students was decreased by 3.4% after four month of supplementation. However, its result was different between the junior and senior high school students, in fact the prevalence of anemia at the junior students was increased. The number of students at the junior high school who decreased in hemoglobin and became anemia were more than the senior high school. The logistic regression analyses showed that the success determinant of iron supplementation program were students not anemic before supplementation (OR = 10.81; 90% CI: 7.04-16.50) and they used to hand washing (OR = 11.22; 90% CI: 1.90-64.60).Conclusion: After the iron supplementation program, the decrease prevalence of anemia was different between the junior and senior high school students. The determinants of success program were hand washing habits and the anemia status before supplementation.

Objective: To understand the level of moderate - to - vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and the psychological health of adolescents, explore the relationship between MVPA and psychological health, and provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of relevant policies and measures. Methods: In five regions of Shanghai, Kunming, Urumqi, Suzhou, and Changsha, 10,327 (male: 5,231, female: 5,096) middle school students aged 12-17 were selected as the research subjects to investigate their MVPA and psychological sub - health. Data analysis uses chi - square test, non - parametric test, and logistic regression analysis. Results: The study revealed that 30.4% of adolescents faced psychological sub - health symptoms and 22.4% met the criteria for psychological sub - health status, with significant disparities. MVPA standards declined with age, and girls were more likely to have substandard MVPA levels (68.1%) than boys (56.4%). Notably, senior high school girls had a 1.303 (OR=1.303, 95% CI: 1.054-1.611, P<0.05) times higher detection rate of psychological sub - health symptoms than their MVPA level, junior high school boys had a 1.286 (OR=1.286, 95% CI: 1.041-1.589, P<0.05) times higher rate, and junior high school girls had a 1.367 (OR=1.367, 95% CI: 1.126-1.661, P<0.01) times higher rate. Additionally, there were significant differences in MVPA levels and psychological sub - health detection rates between junior and senior high school students. Conclusion: MVPA substandard is more likely to cause the prevalence of mental sub - health in female students. Focus on the mental health status of girls and junior high school students, and strengthen the psychological counseling of teenagers.

Many students graduating from junior high school and senior high school in Indonesia do not continue their education to high school (university). This condition causes unemployment in Indonesia is very high This unemployment is dominated by junior and senior high school graduates.. Thus, the Indonesian government must find a solution. At present, the development of technology in education and training in all countries is one of the focuses that can generate employment. This activity can be started early, from elementary schools, junior high schools, and senior high schools, by introducing entrepreneurship-based learning opportunities and entrepreneurial prospects. In order for learning to be more meaningful, entrepreneurship learning is provided through a system of practice in all fields of science that enable entrepreneurship. This learning system can be implemented in an integrated manner, both interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary, namely interdisciplinary: learning is done integrated with allied fields of science namely chemistry with biological sciences, while multidisciplinary learning can be integrated between economics, chemistry and biological sciences. Interdisciplinary integration of science in Indonesia can be carried out by combining biotechnology material with entrepreneurial material, known as bioentrepreneurship. Biotechnology learning material includes biology and its applications, and entrepreneurial material includes the production process from the application of biological theory and marketing systems. This study analyzes aspects of production creativity assessed from the ability of junior and senior high school students in formulating, planning and producing (product results).. The implementation of the study used an experimental method (control group design) with a project system. Experimental material in this study is integrated with biological material, namely: the use of microorganisms, plant growth and development and biological use of waste.. The research data were collected through observation, tests and questionnaires. The results of the study illustrate the increasing understanding of junior and senior high school students of biological material, biology process applications and biotechnology-based entrepreneurship processes, as well as the entrepreneurial system, which includes production management, packaging and marketing. Increased understanding and ability of students with a score of three is very good. Thus, it can be concluded that bioentrepreneurship learning has very good prospects for fostering entrepreneurial spirit and has good prospects for developing business units in schools that can make income for schools in Indonesia, thereby reducing unemployment.

This study emphasizes student-centered learning principles in developing an algal fuel cell teaching module for a student environmental education program. Using the algal battery, one of the authors (a junior high school science teacher) conducted the teaching module in eight classes, with 67 elementary school students in grade 5, 64 junior high school students in grade 8, and 159 senior high school students in grade 10, respectively. Results from the pre- and post- achievement tests of the algal fuel cell teaching module showed that the average score of elementary school, senior high school, and junior high school students increased by 23.73, 18.09, and 17.42 points, respectively, with a significant difference between post- and pretest scores (p<0.001). The gross average of student responses to the questionnaire was 4.04. The mean score for elementary school students significantly differed (p<0.01) from junior high and senior high school students.

To clarify the incidence of predictive risk factors for poor mental health status in Japanese adolescents. In 2010, baseline surveys of first-year junior and senior high school students were conducted at 10 randomly selected junior high schools and 14 senior high schools in Japan. After 2 years, follow-up surveys were conducted on the same students. For both surveys, a self-administered questionnaire about mental health status and lifestyle, General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), was provided to the students. In total, 1,304 junior and 4,383 senior high school students were enrolled at the start of the study, and 776 junior and 2,697 senior high school students responded to both surveys. The new incidence of poor mental health status (GHQ-12 ≥ 4 points), determined by changes between the baseline and follow-up surveys, was 17.1% (95% CI, 13.9% to 20.3%) of junior high school students and 22.6% (95% CI, 20.5% to 24.7%) of senior high school students. According to the multiple logistic regression analysis, in junior high school students, factors associated with the onset of poor mental health were not participating in sports activities (adjusted odds ratio, 3.13; P = .035) and spending ≥ 2 hours per day studying outside of school (2.18; P = .010). In senior high school students, factors associated with the onset of poor mental health were female sex (2.51; P < .001), difficulty initiating sleep (3.38; P < .001), poor sleep quality (1.83; P = .034), poor appetite (3.43; P = .011), spending less than 2 hours per day watching television (1.37; P = .038), being a victim of bullying (2.46; P = .011), and not having a sympathetic supporter (1.72; P = .006). The findings of this study are valuable for formulating approaches aimed at addressing adolescent mental health.

<b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our study results suggest that sleep status, lifestyle, and mental health are predictive factors for new onset of parasomnias in adolescents. These should be key areas of focus in school health services.