Abstract
BackgroundCCN1 plays a crucial role in the modulation of cardiovascular diseases. However, whether CCN1 genetic variants are involved in the susceptibility of ACS remains unknown. Hence, the present study investigates the association between CCN1 polymorphisms and ACS among Han and Uygur populations in Xinjiang, China.ResultsIn this case-control study, 1234 Han (547 ACS patients and 687 controls) and 932 Uygur (471 ACS patients and 461 controls) were genotyped using SNPscanTM for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, rs6576776, rs954353, and rs3753794) of the human CCN1 gene. In the Uygur population, we found that the detected frequencies of the C allele (25.3% vs. 18.3%, P<0.001) and CC genotype (6.4% vs. 3.0%, P=0.001) of rs6576776 were significantly higher in the ACS patients than in the control participants. Differences in rs6576776 regarding the dominant model (CC+CG vs. GG, 44.2% vs. 55.8%, P=0.001) and the recessive model (CC vs. CG+GG, 6.4% vs. 93.6%, P=0.016) were observed between the two groups. The frequencies of the GGC and AGC haplotypes in those with ACS were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05) in the Uygur population. After adjusting for hypertension, diabetes, lipids and smoking, all of which indicate that the rs6576776 C allele is associated with higher risk of ACS (odds ratio (OR)=1.798, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.218-2.656, P=0.003). In Han population, neither the distribution of genotypes and alleles of the CCN1 gene three SNPs nor the distribution of haplotypes constructed with the three SNPs exhibited a significant difference between the ACS patients and control participants.ConclusionsOur study document that the CCN1 gene rs6576776 C allele is associated with higher susceptibility of ACS and that the frequencies of GGC and AGC haplotypes are higher among the Uygur ACS patients.
Highlights
Cysteinerich 61 (CCN1) plays a crucial role in the modulation of cardiovascular diseases
In the Uygur population, we found that when compared with the control groups, the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients exhibited higher leukocyte (WBC), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), creatinine (CREA), uric acid (URIC) and glucose levels, a lower high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level and DM prevalence
With respect to the Han population, we found that ACS patients had higher levels of WBC, TG, TC, blood urea nitrogen (UREA), CREA, URIC and glucose, lower HDL levels and a prevalence of smoking when compared with the control groups
Summary
CCN1 plays a crucial role in the modulation of cardiovascular diseases. Has been reported that CCN1 plays a pivotal role in regulating cholesterol metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis [4], but there is increasing evidence that CCN1 participates in the development and progression of various cardiovascular diseases [5]. The CCN1 level in CAD patients was significantly higher than that in the controls, and the level of CCN1 was positively correlated with both the Gensini score and the C-reactive protein level [7]. The elevated CCN1 levels were significantly associated with the severity of acute heart failure in a cohort of 183 patients [8]. Animal heart failure experiments revealed that the expression of CCN1 protein was increased [9,10,11]
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