Associated factors to psychiatric morbidity in postmenopausal phases

Abstract

Background: The greatest risk of psychiatric morbidity during the climacteric years is linked to a greater exposure to stressful life experiences, women's dissatisfaction with their role in society and to an absence of social backup. The question to be posed now is the extent to which the longitudinal surveys can confirm, refute or complement the results of the cross-sectional analyses. Methods: A study involving population-based cohorts was carried out on a sample of 120 women who had been previously identified as being premenopausal or menopausal during a cross-sectional examination conducted between 1987 and 1988 within the city of Valencia (Spain). The aims were to analyze the movements of specific psychosocial factors (role satisfaction, level of social support) making a comparison between the premenopausal and postmenopausal phases. Results: An increase in the frequency of psychiatric episodes was detected in the later stages of the climacteric. The absence of global social support, being a possible psychiatric case and experiencing severe life events during the initial phases of the climacteric all emerge as being the most reliable factors for predicting the psychiatric morbidity during the postmenopausal phase. Conclusions: The results lend weight to the hypothesis of psychiatric morbidity being linked to social changes. A discussion of the clinical implications is presented.